意识形态:意识形态范围内的心理相似之处和差异重新审视
Nour S Kteily1, Mark J Brandt2
1Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA;
Annual review of psychology
|October 31, 2024
概括
跨越政治领域的人在心理上更像是相似的,而不是不同的. 然而,人格,价值观和群体优先事项的差异显著塑造了他们的态度和行为.
科学领域:
- 意识形态的心理学意识形态的心理学.
- 政治的心理学政治心理学.
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
背景情况:
- 政治心理学中的一个核心辩论是关于个人认定为左翼和右翼之间的心理相似性和差异.
- 从历史上看,一种普遍的观点认为,这些意识形态群体在人格和认知特征方面存在显著的心理区别.
- 最近的学术研究挑战了这一观点,表明左翼和右翼个体之间的心理趋同比以前所认为的更大.
研究的目的:
- 全面审查和综合现有关于左翼和右翼个人的心理形象的经验证据.
- 检查在广泛的心理领域的相似之处和差异,包括情绪,信息处理和人际行为.
- 提供对意识形态取向与心理特征相关的程度的细微理解.
主要方法:
- 系统的文献审查和经验研究的综合.
- 分析研究检查个性特征,价值观,认知风格 (例如,认知刚性),威胁敏感性和威权主义的研究.
- 审查有关信息处理的研究,包括有动机的推理和易受错误信息的影响.
- 审查关于人际认知和行为的研究,如同情心,偏见,刻板印象和暴力.
主要成果:
- 跨越政治领域的个人表现出实质性的心理相似性,挑战了深刻内在差异的概念.
- 尽管总体上有相似之处,但在特定的人格方面,价值体系以及特定群体和事业的优先考虑方面出现了显著的差异.
- 优先事项和价值观的细微差别对现实世界的态度和行为产生了重大下游影响.
结论:
- 左翼和右翼个人的心理景观的特点是相当大的重叠和特定的,有意义的分歧.
- 了解这些相似之处和差异对于全面了解意识形态心理学及其对社会的影响至关重要.
- 未来的研究应该继续探索共享的心理基础和意识形态驱动的区别之间的相互作用在群体和原因的优先级.
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