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比较单细胞多组识别了灵长类大脑发育期间神经前代细胞的进化变化.

Yuting Liu1, Xin Luo2, Yiming Sun3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; School of Life Sciences, Center for Bioinformatics, Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.

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概括

人类的神经祖先进化了独特的特征,改变了生长因子和细胞外矩阵通路. 这些与人类智力和大脑疾病相关的变化揭示了灵长类大脑进化机制.

关键词:
大脑发育大脑的发育大脑的发展大脑的进化,大脑的演变.染色质可访问性 染色质可访问性基因调节 基因调节 基因调节神经原始体的神经祖先灵长类动物的皮层.监管要素 监管元素 监管元素一个单细胞多细胞的奥米克.转录组 (transcriptome) 是一个转录组.

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科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 发展生物学 发展生物学
  • 进化生物学 进化生物学

背景情况:

  • 了解人类特定的大脑进化需要对皮质发育进行详细的分析.
  • 灵长类大脑独特性背后的细胞和遗传机制尚未完全阐明.

研究的目的:

  • 在正在发育的和小鼠前额叶皮层 (PFC) 中创建一个转录组和染色质可访问性的细胞类型解析图谱.
  • 将这些数据与人类数据进行比较,以确定皮质发育中的进化差异.

主要方法:

  • 生成的细胞类型解析的转录和染色质可访问性地图.
  • 将和小鼠的PFC数据与已发表的人类数据进行比较.
  • 在胎儿小鼠皮质中研究了人类特异性原始体标志物ITGA2的功能.

主要成果:

  • 皮层细胞组成在很大程度上保持不变,但祖细胞显示出显著的进化分歧.
  • 人类神经原始体在生长因子和细胞外矩阵 (ECM) 路径中表现出转录性重新连接.
  • 人类获得的染色质可访问区域含有与智力和神经精神疾病相关的序列变化.

结论:

  • 神经祖先的进化变化是灵长类大脑进化的关键.
  • 改变的调节元件活动驱动了人类祖先的转录分歧.
  • 确定了塑造灵长类大脑演变的假定基因调节机制.