H3K27的二甲基化动态揭示了小鼠早期胚胎中可选性异质染色素的逐步建立
Masahiro Matsuwaka1,2, Mami Kumon1, Azusa Inoue3,4
1Laboratory for Epigenome Inheritance, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
Nature cell biology
|November 1, 2024
概括
选择性的异色染色体建立涉及Polycomb抑制复合体2 (PRC2) 和PRC1.1. 这项研究揭示了PRC2.2驱动的H3K27甲基化在早期胚胎发生过程中遵循H2AK119ub1沉积.
科学领域:
- 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
- 发展生物学 发展生物学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- 选择性异色素蛋白的形成依赖于H3K27me3 (PRC2) 和H2AK119ub1 (PRC1).
- 在受精后选择性异染色素建立的确切机制尚未完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 调查小鼠植入前发育过程中可选性异质色素的时间动态和建立动态.
- 阐明JARID2在H3K27甲基化新型沉积中的作用.
主要方法:
- 在小鼠植入前胚胎中分析H3K27me2的时间动态.
- 研究JARID2和SUZ12.2的局部化情况.
- 分析JARID2枯竭对基因素修饰和PRC2结合的影响.
主要成果:
- 在H2AK119ub1.1.之后,H3K27me2沉积发生在CpG岛屿,父X染色体和增强剂,在八细胞转移到分子过渡期间,H2AK119ub1.
- JARID2与H2AK119ub1结合,并在特定的基因组位置与SUZ12结合.
- JARID2的枯竭会影响SUZ12的结合,H3K27me2的沉积,并导致H3K27的乙化增加,最终抑制H3K27me3的形成.
结论:
- 选择性异色染色体是通过一个由PRC2.2.2.驱动的逐步过程建立的.
- 在早期胚胎发生过程中,H3K27甲基化是由预先沉积的H2AK119ub1指导的.
- JARID2在招募PRC2以准新型异质染色体形成的点方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
相关概念视频
02:38Heterochromatin
11.4K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
11.4K
03:17Inheritance of Chromatin Structures
6.2K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
6.2K
02:32Position-effect Variegation
6.3K
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
6.3K
01:32Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells
1.6K
Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
1.6K
02:25Spreading of Chromatin Modifications
8.2K
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
Writers
The writer...
8.2K
01:01Euchromatin
6.8K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
6.8K