痴呆症是否有微生物原因?
Remi L Landry1,2, Monica E Embers1,2
1Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; rlandry10@tulane.edu.
NeuroSci
|November 1, 2024
概括
致病微生物可能通过触发大脑炎症和蛋白质聚合,导致阿尔茨海默病 (AD). 这种病原体假设表明感染与遗传学相互作用,但AD的确切原因仍然难以捉摸.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 病理学 病理学 病理学
背景情况:
- 阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 是一种进展性神经认知障碍,其特征是神经元损失,突触功能障碍,粉样蛋白-β (Aβ) 斑块和神经纤维状结.
- 阿尔茨海默病的病因是复杂的和多因素的,正在进行的研究正在探索各种促成因素.
- 病原性微生物在AD等神经退行性疾病中的作用是一个重要的科学兴趣领域.
研究的目的:
- 探索致病微生物对痴呆症,特别是阿尔茨海默病发展的潜在贡献.
- 审查支持AD病原体假设的证据,该假设认为微生物可以触发AD病原体.
- 识别与AD相关的中枢神经系统 (CNS) 感染相关的特定病原体.
主要方法:
- 观察性,流行病学,实验性和病理学研究的审查.
- 检查AD病原体假设及其提出的机制.
- 在AD大脑中发现的微生物代理的识别.
主要成果:
- 有证据表明,痴呆症诱导疾病的多微生物因果关系.
- 在AD患者的中枢神经系统中检测到包括*Borrelia* sp.,HSV-1,VZV (HHV-2),HHV-6/7,口腔病原体,*Chlamydophila pneumoniae*和*Candida albicans*在内的特定病原体.
- 这些微生物可以感染中枢神经系统,逃避免疫反应,并在AD大脑中持续存在.
结论:
- 病原性微生物可能起到AD的触发作用,与遗传因素相互作用,启动Aβ积累,高酸化 (p-tau) 和神经炎症.
- 虽然取得了重大进展,但阿尔茨海默病的确切原因仍然不清楚.
- 需要进行进一步的研究,以阐明微生物感染在阿尔茨海默病变的发病过程中的作用.
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