这就是Th.o.m.a.s.s. :对患有自闭症谱系障碍的青少年思想理论的新见解
Roberta Fadda1, Sara Congiu1, Giuseppe Doneddu2
1Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Frontiers in psychology
|November 1, 2024
概括
患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的青少年在思维理论 (ToM) 中表现出不典型的发展,在理解他人的心理状态和行为方面存在特定的挑战,尽管他们有一些可比的能力.
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 社会的认知社会认知.
背景情况:
- 以前的研究表明,在自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 中,心智理论 (ToM) 是非典型的.
- 专注于ASD青少年的ToM的研究仍然有限.
- 了解这个年龄段的ToM发展对于有针对性的干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查与典型的发展同龄人相比,ASD青少年的思维理论 (ToM) 能力.
- 探索ToM的多维方面,包括视角,心理状态和元认知技能.
- 在ASD青少年群体中确定ToM的特定优点和弱点.
主要方法:
- 使用了思维理论评估量表 (Th.o.m.a.s. ),一个半结构面试.
- 评估了多维的ToM:第一/第二级,第一/第三人称,自我中心/非中心的视角.
- 评估对情绪,欲望,信念以及相关的元认知能力 (意识,关系,策略) 的理解.
主要成果:
- 患有自闭症的青少年表现出与对照组相比较的第三人称TOM (自我中心和偏心).
- 在ASD组中,第一和第二阶段的ToM显著表现较差,归因于他人的心理状态.
- 自闭症组表现出类似的心理状态意识,但很难将心理状态与行为和战略概念化联系起来.
- 对情绪的理解类似,但在ASD中理解欲望和信仰方面存在缺陷.
结论:
- 心理理论 (ToM) 在患有自闭症的青少年中异常发展,呈现出独特的优缺点.
- 患有自闭症的人在推断他人的心理状态和理解行为与心理状态的联系方面表现出特定的困难.
- 结果强调了ASD中ToM的异质性,并突出了针对特定缺陷的个性化干预措施的需要.
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