使用虚拟患者为临床推理提供反:系统性审查
概括
虚拟患者 (VPs) 为医学教育中的临床推理 (CR) 发展提供了宝贵的反. 然而,目前的VP主要评估基本的CR组件,忽视复杂的推理技能和自我调节的学习.
科学领域:
- 医疗教育 技术 技术 医学教育
- 发展临床推理 发展临床推理
- 医疗保健 职业 教育 教育 专业
背景情况:
- 虚拟患者 (VPs) 越来越多地被用于医疗保健教育,以提高临床推理 (CR) 技能.
- 现有的文献缺乏对VP如何在所有CR组件中提供反的全面理解.
- 对于优化VP设计以实现有效CR开发,需要指导.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和确定虚拟患者为临床推理提供反的方法.
- 了解VP模拟中不同临床推理组件提供的反程度.
主要方法:
- 在2023年3月进行了对7个数据库 (MEDLINE,EMBASE,CINAHL,ERIC,PsycINFO,Scopus,ProQuest论文) 的系统审查.
- 搜索术语包括"医学教育"",虚拟患者"",基于案例的学习"和"计算机模拟".
- 包括涉及使用VP在医疗专业人员中开发CR并提供至少一个CR组件的反的研究;使用了叙事合成.
主要成果:
- 在6526个确定结果中,有72项研究符合标准,由于摘要报告不足,分析了35篇全文文章.
- 专业医生最常评估的CR组件是领先的诊断 (65.7%),管理/治疗计划 (65.7%) 和信息收集 (60%).
- 探索CR组件的方法各不相同,包括预定义的问题,自由文本和概念图.
结论:
- 目前的VP主要集中在评估更简单的CR组件上,对问题表示和诊断理由等复杂方面的关注有限.
- 很少有VP提供对学习者自我调节的学习过程的反,尽管反在学习中起着至关重要的作用.
- 教育者必须考虑学习者的需求,并明确详细说明VP教学设计,以有效开发CR.
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