通过比较深度学习方法,从国际疾病分类编码中估计损伤严重程度
Ayush Doshi1, Charbel Marche1, Pavel Chernyavskiy2
1School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
Traffic injury prevention
|November 1, 2024
概括
神经机器翻译 (NMT) 间接使用缩写伤害量表 (AIS) 代码是从国际疾病分类 (ICD) 代码中确定伤害严重程度的最准确方法. 传送神经网络 (FFNN) 提供更快的测试时间,但准确性略低.
科学领域:
- 创伤研究和伤害分类系统.
- 人工智能在医疗保健中的发展和应用.
- 生物医学信息学和数据分析.
背景情况:
- 标准化的伤害严重程度分类依赖于缩写伤害量表 (AIS),但大多数伤害数据使用国际疾病分类 (ICD),缺乏严重程度细节.
- 以前的研究表明,基于编码解码器的神经机器翻译 (NMT) 模型在从ICD代码中提取损伤严重程度方面优越.
- 这项研究研究了替代人工智能模型和方法,以改进损伤严重程度的估计.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较前神经网络 (FFNN) 与NMT的性能,以对损伤严重程度进行分类.
- 评估伤害严重程度的直接估计是否比使用AIS代码作为中介的间接方法更准确.
- 从ICD代码中确定最佳的AI方法来估计受伤严重程度.
主要方法:
- 利用来自国家创伤数据库 (NTDB) 的患者数据进行模型开发和测试 (2,031,793个培训病例,1,091,792个测试病例).
- 开发并比较了四种模型:NMT/间接,NMT/直接,FFNN/间接和FFNN/直接.
- 主要结果:分类伤害严重性得分 (ISS) 的准确性≥16;次要结果:准确的ISS匹配百分比.
主要成果:
- 通过NMT间接方法 (使用AIS代码) 实现了最高准确度 (94.0%) 预测ISS≥16.
- 使用FFNN (93.4%) 的直接估计和使用NMT (93.1%) 的直接估计也显示出高准确度.
- 与NMT模型 (69-82分钟) 相比,FFNN模型的测试时间显著更快 (1-2分钟).
结论:
- 使用NMT和AIS代码作为中间体的间接估计是从ICD代码中确定损伤严重程度的最准确方法.
- 虽然所有测试的模型都表现良好,但间接的NMT方法在处理时间方面是最耗费资源的.
- 方法的选择取决于具体的研究需求和可用的计算资源.
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