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低能量的可用性和体育中的相对能量缺乏:系统性审查和元分析
Tara L Gallant1,2, Lauren F Ong1, Laura Wong3
1Department of Basic Science, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, USA.
Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
|November 1, 2024
概括
低能量可用性 (LEA) 影响了近一半的运动员,影响了他们的表现并增加了受伤风险. 早期发现和干预对于运动员的健康和最佳训练效益至关重要.
科学领域:
- 运动医学 运动医学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 营养科学 营养科学
背景情况:
- 低能量的可用性 (LEA) 是一种能源赤字,能源支出超过摄入量,影响运动表现和受伤风险.
- 运动中的相对能量缺乏 (REDs) 是一种严重的LEA形式,导致代谢,激素和生理功能障碍.
- 耐力,美学和重量级运动员特别容易受到LEA和RED的影响.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定运动员中LEA和RED的患病率.
- 对LEA和RED对运动表现和受伤风险的影响进行二次分析.
主要方法:
- 在PROSPERO注册的系统审查 (CRD42023469253).
- 在PubMed,Embase和Cochrane的文献搜索中遵循PRISMA指南.
- 纳入标准侧重于与LEA/RED相关的流行率,绩效影响和受伤风险.
主要成果:
- 在59项研究中的6118名运动员中,44.7%患有LEA (44.2%的女性,49.4%的男性).
- 在8项研究中的730名运动员中,有63.0%的运动员有REDs风险.
- 低强度负面影响了表现 (跑步,耐力,协调,集中力,动力,敏捷性) 并增加了与疾病相关的训练缺席;骨健康和压力损伤风险增加.
结论:
- 这是关于LEA/RED对表现和伤害的影响的首次系统审查.
- 高LEA流行率需要像LEAF-Q这样的选工具来进行早期检测.
- 干预可以预防REDs,减轻骨健康问题,并优化运动表现.
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