弥合差距:基于机理的骑自行车者受伤风险曲线,使用20年的撞车数据
Angela Schubert1, Eamon T Campolettano2, John M Scanlon2
1VUFO - Traffic Accident Research Institute at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Traffic injury prevention
|November 1, 2024
概括
这项研究开发了骑自行车者的全方位伤害风险模型,改进了各种类型撞击的安全评估. 有效碰撞速度和骑自行车者的年龄显著预测伤害风险,有助于伤害预防策略.
科学领域:
- 道路安全研究 道路安全研究
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 交通事故分析分析
背景情况:
- 骑自行车者的安全问题日益关注,美国的死亡人数显著增加.
- 现有的骑自行车乘客车辆碰撞伤害风险模型主要侧重于正面撞击,在了解其他碰撞类型方面存在差距.
- 对于有效保护骑自行车的人来说,对各种碰撞几何结构中的伤害机制的全面了解至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为参与乘用车碰撞的骑自行车者开发一个"全向"伤害风险模型.
- 创建适用于各种几何碰撞配置的伤害风险函数.
- 通过考虑生物力学相关的变量和各种碰撞场景来加强骑自行车者的伤害评估.
主要方法:
- 利用了1999-2022年德国深度事故研究 (GIDAS) 的数据.
- 在各种缩略伤害量表 (AIS) 级别上开发了受伤风险功能.
- 引入了"有效碰撞速度"以整合速度和撞击几何形状,并考虑了骑自行车者与车辆的接触.
主要成果:
- 确定了6576起骑自行车者与车辆的碰撞,其中头部,胸部和下肢受伤最频繁 (AIS3+).
- "有效碰撞速度"成为伤害风险的强有力的预测指标.
- 老年骑自行车的人患重伤的风险最高 (AIS3+),而年幼的儿童患重伤的风险略高于年轻人.
结论:
- 开发的全向模型提供了一个更全面的评估骑自行车者的伤害风险在各种类型的碰撞.
- 有效碰撞速度和骑自行车者的年龄是影响受伤严重程度的关键因素.
- 这项研究通过提供对受伤机制和风险因素的更强大理解,有助于提高骑自行车者的安全性.
相关概念视频
01:27Shear Diagram
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In the study of beam mechanics, shear diagrams play a crucial role in understanding the distribution of shear forces along the length of a beam. Consider a beam AB that is supported at both ends and subjected to perpendicular loads.
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01:29Couple
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A couple is a pair of parallel forces equal in magnitude but in opposite directions. The forces are separated by a perpendicular distance, known as the couple's arm. The couple causes a rotation force or moment that rotates the body about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the forces. The resulting moment is referred to as the couple moment. The SI unit of a couple moment is the Newton-meter (N-m).
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01:21Rolling Resistance
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01:21Fatigue
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Fatigue occurs when materials rupture under repeated or fluctuating loads, even at stress levels far below their static breaking strength. It typically results in brittle failure, even for ductile materials. It is a critical consideration in designing machines and structural components subjected to repetitive or varying loads. The nature of these loadings can range from fluctuating loads like unbalanced pump impellers causing vibrations to repeatedly bending a thin steel rod wire back and forth...
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