mTORC1通过自调节其在 lysosomes 上的存在来限制 TFE3 的活性
Susan Zwakenberg1, Denise Westland2, Robert M van Es1
1Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Molecular cell
|November 1, 2024
概括
细胞生长依赖于mTORC1蛋白质复合体,该复合体由氨基酸激活. 这项研究揭示了mTORC1激酶活性控制其溶解体释放,影响TFE3活性,并可能解释神经系统疾病.
科学领域:
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
- 分子信号传输的方法
- 生物化学 生物化学
背景情况:
- 拉巴胺素复合体1 (mTORC1) 的机械性标是细胞生长的关键调节剂,需要细胞内氨基酸来激活.
- 氨基酸充足信号通过位于 lysosomes 的 Rag GTPases 传递给mTORC1,增长因子通过Rheb.进一步增强mTORC1的活动.
- 溶解体氨基酸感应涉及GATOR1,它在氨基酸缺乏条件下使Rag GTPases失活,导致mTORC1失活.
研究的目的:
- 调查mTORC1激酶活性在人体细胞中的 lysosomes 中释放的作用.
- 探索mTORC1局部化,激酶活性,其基质TFE3.3.的酸化状态和局部化之间的关系.
- 阐明不同mTORC1池的不同基质特异性及其对神经系统疾病的影响.
主要方法:
- 利用人类细胞系研究mTORC1定位和活性.
- 使用mTOR突变来评估 lysosomal释放对酶活性的依赖性.
- 分析了TFE3酸化和核定位作为mTORC1通路活动的指标.
- 研究了Rheb激活的mTORC1对细胞质/溶酶体mTORC1比率的影响.
主要成果:
- 证明了mTORC1从溶酶体释放取决于其在人体细胞中的内在激酶活性.
- 显示激活的mTOR突变体显示 lysosome 占用率降低,导致 TFE3 低酸化和核转位.
- 揭示了Rheb介导的mTORC1激活不会改变细胞质/溶酶体mTORC1比率,这表明不同的功能池.
- 发现任何mTORC1池的失调会导致异常的TFE3活动.
结论:
- mTORC1激酶活性对于其从溶酶体脱离至关重要,这表明存在负反机制.
- 存在不同的mTORC1池,具有特定的基质偏好,影响细胞过程.
- 由于失调的mTORC1池的异常TFE3活性可能导致焦点皮质发育不良II型 (FCDII) 和结核性硬化症 (TSC) 的发病.
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