调和对大型语言模型对环境影响的截然不同的叙述
Shaolei Ren1, Bill Tomlinson2,3, Rebecca W Black4
1University of California, Riverside, USA. shaolei@ucr.edu.
Scientific reports
|November 2, 2024
概括
大型语言模型 (LLM) 具有显著的环境影响,但可以比人类劳动更有效率. 对比评估表明,LLM使用的能源,水和产生更少的排放比人类工作相似的输出.
科学领域:
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 计算机科学 计算机科学
背景情况:
- 关于大型语言模型 (LLM) 对环境的影响存在不同的叙述.
- 一些研究强调LLM的实质性碳足迹,而另一些研究则强调他们对可持续替代品的潜力.
- 需要对LLM和人力劳动进行全面的比较,才能使这些观点协调一致.
研究的目的:
- 进行对LLM与人类劳动对环境影响的比较评估.
- 分析能源消耗,碳排放,用水和成本的相对效率.
- 为正在进行的关于人工智能的可持续性辩论提供信息.
主要方法:
- 对环境指标 (能源,碳,水,成本) 的比较分析.
- 评估典型的 (Llama-3-70B) 和轻量级的 (Gemma-2B-it) 法律士学位.
- 与美国和印度的人类劳动力进行基准测试.
主要成果:
- 在美国和印度,LLM的环境影响明显低于人类劳动对等产出的环境影响.
- 人与LLM的比例差异很大,从40-150 (典型的LLM,美国) 到130-1100 (轻量级的LLM,印度).
- 经济因素可能导致混合的人类-LLM工作模式,而不是彻底的替代.
结论:
- 虽然LLM具有环境成本,但它们比人类劳动力提供了潜在的效率增长.
- 越来越多的LLM需要进一步研究可持续发展和部署.
- 经济激励和环境考虑之间的平衡对于负责任的LLM采用至关重要.
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