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Updated: Jun 8, 2025

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柳树中的风效应:年龄是否会影响人类与动物的错误识别?

Gray Atherton¹, Lucy Robinson², Lucie Guy Smith²

¹Department of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.

Journal of experimental child psychology

|November 3, 2024

概括

儿童比人类更能理解动物故事中的假步,尤其是年幼的儿童. 这表明人类形象主义有助于儿童早期思想发展的理论.

科学领域:

发展心理学发展心理学
认知科学认知科学
儿童文学儿童文学

背景情况:

儿童文学经常使用人类形象人物来教授社会理解.
思想理论 (ToM) 涉及了解他人的心理状态,这对社会互动至关重要.

研究的目的:

调查人类形象主义如何影响儿童对错误步骤的理解,这是ToM的一个关键方面.
用不同年龄组的人与动物角色来比较ToM性能.

主要方法:

107名典型发育的英国儿童 (年龄为1,3,5岁;年龄为5至10岁) 完成了ToM测试.
给孩子们展示了20个假冒故事的人类和人形版本.
用一个具有反平衡的主体内设计来比较两个故事版本的性能.

主要成果:

一年级的孩子在人形的ToM测试中表现明显好于人类版本,达到三年级的水平.
在人类故事任务中观察到ToM能力的明显与年龄相关的进展.
人类ToM任务的表现随着年龄的增长而有所改善,年长的孩子表现优于年轻的孩子.

结论:

人类形象主义可以作为一种有价值的支架,用于在幼儿中发展思想理论.
这些发现支持了物种专业化理论,并突出了人类形态主义在社会认知发展中的作用.
未来的研究应该探索人类形态主义促进ToM发展的具体机制.

关键词:

人类形象主义 (Anthropomorphism) 是一种人类形象主义.发展发展发展发展发展错误的通过测试试验.思想的理论思想的理论.

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