小型水力发电厂对宏观无脊椎动物群落在生态流下上游和下游的不同影响
Zongwei Lin1, Xinxin Qi1, Mali Li1
1Department of Geography and Spatial Information Techniques, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
Journal of environmental management
|November 3, 2024
概括
小型水力发电厂 (SHP) 显著改变淡水宏观无脊椎动物群落. 保持生态流动至关重要,因为脱水的部分比水库的影响更少,突出了可持续的SHP发展的需要.
科学领域:
- 淡水生态学 淡水生态学
- 环境科学环境科学
- 水生生物多样性水生生物多样性
背景情况:
- 水电大破坏了河流生态系统,影响了生物多样性.
- 小型水力发电厂 (SHP) 在全球范围内越来越多,引发了人们对其生态足迹的担忧.
- 以前的研究往往忽视了生态流对SHP影响的影响.
研究的目的:
- 评估宏无脊椎动物群落在生态流条件下对SHP的生态反应.
- 为了比较SHP影响和不受影响的地区的宏观无脊椎动物群落,考虑不同的流动模式.
- 评估生态流在减轻SHP影响方面的有效性.
主要方法:
- 在江地区调查了15个海水产区,建立了四个采样地点 (上游,水库,脱水,自然流).
- 对比了宏无脊椎动物群体的组成,多样性,功能性养群体和网络结构.
- 利用并发网络分析来评估社区的复杂性.
主要成果:
- SHP显著改变了宏无脊椎动物群落,停滞水域物种占据了水库的主导地位 (S2).
- 与上游 (S1) 和自然流域 (S4) 相比,水库 (S2) 和脱水部分 (S3) 的多样性指数较低.
- 在S2和S3中,过器和收集器主导了功能养组;在S2和S3中,网络复杂性减少了.
结论:
- SHP对宏无脊椎动物群体,特别是水库地区,产生重大影响.
- 与水库 (S2) 相比,排水部分 (S3) 的生态流量补充减轻了负面影响 (S2).
- 需要对SHP进行全面的环境影响评估,强调为可持续生态系统发展提供足够的生态流.
相关概念视频
01:24Rapidly Varying Flow
53
Rapidly varying flow (RVF) in open channels is characterized by abrupt changes in flow depth over a short distance, with the rate of depth change relative to distance often approaching unity. These flows are inherently complex due to their transient and multi-dimensional nature, making exact analysis difficult. However, approximate solutions using simplified models provide valuable insights into their behavior.Key Features of Rapidly Varying FlowRVF is commonly observed in scenarios involving...
53
01:30Typical Model Studies
340
Fluid mechanics model studies often utilize scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior in full-scale environments, such as river flows, dam spillways, and structures interacting with open surfaces. Maintaining Froude number similarity in river models is crucial, as it replicates surface flow features like wave patterns and velocities.
340
01:29Gradually Varying Flow
34
Gradually varying flow (GVF) in open channels describes situations where water depth changes slowly along the channel due to factors like non-uniform bed slope, channel shape variations, or obstructions. This flow type occurs when the depth adjusts gradually to balance gravitational forces, shear forces, and energy requirements, resulting in a low rate of depth change.Characteristics of Gradually Varying FlowGVF is commonly observed in natural streams, rivers, and canals, where flow depth...
34
01:27Energy Considerations in Open Channel Flow
80
Open channel flow, where a fluid flows with a free surface exposed to the atmosphere, is primarily governed by gravitational and surface effects, distinguishing it from closed conduit or pipe flow. In open channels such as rivers, canals, and artificial channels, energy analysis provides valuable insights into flow behavior and the relationship between depth, velocity, and slope.Specific Energy and Flow DepthIn open channel flow, the specific energy, E, combines the gravitational potential...
80
01:21Design Example: Creating a Hydraulic Model of a Dam Spillway
127
Scaled hydraulic models of dam spillways provide a practical way to replicate and study the intricate flow dynamics of these structures. Often built to a 1:15 ratio, these models allow for observing critical water behavior, such as velocity distribution, flow patterns, and energy dissipation.
127
01:30Underflow Gates
41
Underflow gates are vital for controlling water flow in irrigation canals. The three main types of underflow gates — vertical, radial, and drum gates — serve different purposes while ensuring effective flow management. Vertical gates move up and down, generating a free-flowing water jet; radial gates pivot to regulate the flow; and drum gates rotate for precise adjustments. The flow through these gates is influenced by downstream conditions, resulting in free or drowned outflow.Free and...
41