评估和解释乳牛群的绩效变量趋势,同时使用三品种轮换杂交:商业农场的经验证据
J Quénon1, S Ingrand2, M-A Magne3
1AGIR, Univ Toulouse, INRAE, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, AgroParisTech, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Territoires, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience
|November 4, 2024
概括
三种品种的旋转杂交可以改善奶牛的功能特征,但它的采用是有限的. 这项研究表明,杂交会使群体的表现重新平衡,使功能特征优于生产,遗传变化的影响比农场管理更大.
科学领域:
- 动物科学动物科学
- 乳牛遗传学 乳牛遗传学
- 群体管理管理 群体管理
背景情况:
- 三种品种的轮换杂交对奶牛的功能特征提供了潜在的好处.
- 西方国家有限的农民采用可能是由于缺乏对其长期群体水平影响的理解.
- 这项研究解决了关于杂交对乳牛群表现的影响的知识差距.
研究的目的:
- 为了评估乳牛群的表现在过渡到三品种轮换杂交期间的变化.
- 确定影响这些绩效变化的因素.
- 评估遗传组成与农场管理对群体表现的相对影响.
主要方法:
- 在9年的时间里 (2009-2017年) 研究了13家法国奶牛场.
- 收集了关于牲畜管理,农场结构和五个关键绩效变量 (牛奶产量,牛奶固体,生育能力,健康,寿命) 的数据.
- 用线性回归来分析趋势和部分最小方程 (PLS) 回归来确定解释因素.
主要成果:
- 每头母牛的牛奶产量普遍下降,而生育能力有所改善. 牛奶固体含量保持稳定或增加.
- 牛健康和寿命的变化不那么一致.
- 遗传组成的变化比农场管理的调整更显著地影响了群体的表现.
结论:
- 三种品种的旋转杂交可以有效地重新平衡群体的表现,将重点从纯生产转向改善的功能特征.
- 这项研究提供了关于遗传学和管理在杂交乳牛群中的复杂相互作用的见解.
- 研究结果支持杂交策略的相关性,以优化乳牛群的结果.
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