常规免疫接种针对Streptococcus pneumoniae和Haemophilus influenzae型B和印度的抗生素消费:一个动态建模分析
Chirag K Kumar1,2, Alec C Gleason1, Giridara Gopal Parameswaran2
1Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia
|November 4, 2024
概括
在印度,儿童接种针对Streptococcus pneumoniae和Haemophilus influenzae B型的疫苗显著减少了抗生素的使用. 增加疫苗覆盖率可以减少健康不平等和抗菌素耐药性风险.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染病流行病学 传染病流行病学
- 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
背景情况:
- 儿童疫苗接种在减少疾病负担和相关抗生素消耗方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
- 这种减少抗生素的使用,随后可以减轻抗菌素耐药性 (AMR) 的风险.
- 这项研究重点关注印度针对肺炎链球菌和Hemophilus influenzae B型 (Hib) 的疫苗的影响.
研究的目的:
- 估计印度在引入肺炎球菌和Hib疫苗后,抗生素使用量在人口水平上有所减少.
- 通过增加到2028年的疫苗接种覆盖率来预测未来减少抗生素使用的收益.
- 分析疫苗接种对不同财富五分位数的健康不平等的影响.
主要方法:
- 利用基于动态剂的微模拟模型 (ABM) IndiaSim来模拟疾病传播和抗生素使用.
- 疫苗覆盖率相当于DPT3国家水平和近乎普遍 (90%) 覆盖率的场景与没有接种疫苗的基线进行了比较.
- 模型参数是根据2015-2016年国家家庭家庭调查和其他公布来源的数据进行的.
主要成果:
- 据估计,实现DPT3相当的疫苗覆盖率,与不接种疫苗相比,将抗生素使用量减少61.4%.
- 2004年至2016年期间疫苗接种率的增加可能使最贫穷的五分之一人群对抗生素的需求减少了高达93.4%.
- 预计覆盖率的增加被证明可以减少财富五分之一的死亡率和抗生素使用的健康不平等.
结论:
- 增加对Streptococcus pneumoniae和Hib的疫苗接种可以显著减少抗生素的使用,特别有利于最贫穷的人口.
- 更高的疫苗接种覆盖率可以导致更公平的健康结果,并减少整体抗生素需求.
- 几乎普遍的疫苗覆盖率可能会消除与这些特定病原体的爆发相关的抗生素使用.
关键词:
基于代理人的建模.使用抗生素使用抗生素.抗微生物耐药性 抗微生物耐药性这种病毒是Haemophilus influenzae b型.在这里,你会发现一片阴影.小微创新型国家和地区 (LMIC)在PCV中使用PCV.肺炎链球菌的肺炎链球菌.疫苗接种 疫苗接种更多相关视频
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