素食饮食和怀孕的结果
Johanna Kristiina Reijonen1, Kati Maaria Hannele Tihtonen2,1, Tiina Hannele Luukkaala3,4
1Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Finland.
概括
怀孕期间的素食饮食通常是安全的,对母亲或婴儿没有重大并发症的风险增加. 一些结果,如出生体重,甚至在素食母亲中得到改善.
科学领域:
- 产科和妇科 产科和妇科
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 在全球范围内,越来越多地采用素食饮食.
- 了解它们对怀孕和新生儿后果的影响对于母婴健康至关重要.
- 现有的研究对素食饮食在妊娠期间的影响提出了不同的发现.
研究的目的:
- 调查素食饮食与怀孕,分娩和新生儿结果之间的关联.
- 为了比较素食和无食孕妇之间的关键孕产妇和新生儿健康指标.
主要方法:
- 一个回顾性病例对照研究,比较了150名素食妇女和300名食欲强的妇女.
- 数据来自坦佩雷大学医院的怀孕数据库 (2015年1月至2021年4月).
- 饮食信息是自我报告的;主要结局包括小到妊娠年龄 (SGA) 和低出生体重.
主要成果:
- 素食者组在10%的截止值中SGA的发病率较低,出生时中位数体重显著更高.
- 孕期糖尿病 (GDM) 在素食者群体中更为频繁,但大孕年龄 (LGA) 新生儿的发病率相似.
- 在对照组 (无食者) 中,早产更为常见;在Apgar分数或NICU入院没有观察到差异.
结论:
- 素食饮食在怀孕期间似乎是安全的,没有与妊娠或新生儿并发症的增加有关.
- 研究结果表明,像高出生体重这样的潜在好处没有显著的不良影响.
- 进一步的研究可能会探索优化孕期素食饮食,以减轻像GDM这样的风险.
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