在印度南部一家三级医院5年内绘制儿童免疫使用情况的变化
Merrin Mathew1, Savitha Rajapur Sanathan2, Juny Sebastian3
1Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India.
儿童疫苗使用率下降了26.12%,在可选疫苗接种方面存在性别差异. 女性性别,农村居住和较低收入等因素预测免疫接种延迟,突出了接种和公平问题.
科学领域:
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
背景情况:
- 儿童免疫计划面临的挑战是疫苗需求的改变和使用模式的不均.
- 接种疫苗的变化受父母偏好和社会经济因素的影响.
- 确保所有社会群体均能获得儿童免疫接种的平等机会至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 分析5年 (2018-2022) 的儿童疫苗使用趋势.
- 监测儿童中延迟或不完全免疫状态的流行情况.
- 确定与免疫时间表偏差相关的因素.
主要方法:
- 采用了一种雄心勃勃的研究设计,将免疫注册表的回顾性 (2018-2020) 和前性 (2021-2022) 数据收集结合起来.
- 分析了不同年份的疫苗使用趋势.
- 统计方法包括千平方测试和双向ANOVA用于比较利用率并确定相关因素.
主要成果:
- 总共有32,085名儿童和87,782剂疫苗剂量被分析.
- 强制性疫苗的使用率明显高 (81.88%) 比可选疫苗 (18.12%).
- 与2018年相比,在2022年观察到疫苗利用率下降了26.12%的显著下降. 女性性别,农村居住和较低的社会经济地位等因素与延迟免疫接种有关.
结论:
- 在使用可选疫苗方面发现了严重的性别不平等.
- 及时的儿童疫苗接种对于预防疫苗可预防的疾病和促进儿童福祉至关重要.
- 解决疫苗获取和使用方面的差异对于公共卫生至关重要.
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