自我报告的酒后驾驶,执法,碰撞和碰撞报告:一个6个国家的比较
Ted R Miller1,2, Deborah A Fisher1, Joel W Grube1
1PIRE Programs NF, Beltsville, Maryland.
Traffic injury prevention
|November 4, 2024
概括
这项研究比较了六个国家的酒后驾驶和道路安全情况,开发了一个估计未报告事故的方程. 调查结果突出显示,在全球范围内,酒后驾驶 (DUI) 率和警察报告效率存在差异.
科学领域:
- 道路交通安全 道路交通安全
- 交通医学 交通医学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 饮酒驾驶和道路交通事故报告不足是全球重大公共卫生问题.
- 估计事故报告不足的现有方法可能不准确地反映不同国家的城市地区.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较6个国家的城市地区的酒驾和道路安全问题.
- 开发一种新的方程,用于估计城市环境中未向警方报告的车祸率.
- 评估酒后驾驶 (DUI) 执法和事故报告变化的有效性.
主要方法:
- 来自比利时,巴西,中国,墨西哥,南非和美国俄俄州 (2017-2019) 中等城市的调查数据的二次分析.
- 利用邮寄调查和家庭访谈,对23,240名参与者进行了调查,涉及饮酒,醉酒驾驶,执法和车祸.
- 采用了通用线性模型 (GLM) 回归来推导基于人均GDP的崩报告率的方程.
主要成果:
- 城市酒后驾驶率差异很大,从中国的12%到南非的53%.
- 在俄俄州,警方仅拦截了3%的自报DUI驾驶员,而在南非,这一比例高达45%.
- 事故报告率高于伤害事故 (除巴西外,普遍报告) 比无伤害事故高 (49-56%报告,除俄俄州为73%).
- 人均国内生产总值和受伤率与警方事故报告有积极的相关性.
结论:
- 与以前的研究相比,开发的方程提供了更准确的城市警察事故报告率的估计.
- 在俄俄州城市地区,驾驶在酒后的执法被发现是软弱和无效的.
- 该研究的调查方法,有建议的调整,可以应用于未来的国际道路安全和DUI研究.
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