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在非小细胞肺癌中评估机器学习模型偏差和种族差异,使用SEER注册数据
Cameron Trentz1, Jacklyn Engelbart2,3, Jason Semprini4
1Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Health care management science
|November 4, 2024
概括
不小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC) 存活率和手术预测的机器学习模型放大了现有的种族差异. 排除种族/族裔在不损害业绩的情况下提高了公平性,突出了在AI医疗保健工具中减轻偏见的需要.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学中使用人工智能
- 健康 公平 研究 健康 公平 研究
- 机器学习用于医疗保健
背景情况:
- 美国医疗保健中持续存在的种族和民族差异,尤其是非西班牙裔黑人患者的癌症死亡率更差.
- 现实世界的差异反映在数据中,如果不解决偏见,就有可能被人工智能放大.
- 如果不考虑数据偏差,可能会加剧健康不平等,并导致无效的干预.
研究的目的:
- 为了估计机器学习模型中的种族/种族偏见,预测非小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC) 患者的两年生存期和手术建议.
- 评估包括或排除种族/族裔作为模型公平性和性能预测因素的影响.
- 评估过量采样策略对缓解NSCLC患者数据中差异性影响的影响.
主要方法:
- 训练了考克斯生存和LOGIT模型,以及其他三种用于手术推的ML模型,使用SEER数据 (2000-2018).
- 采用了70/30的火车/测试分割,评估具有和没有种族/民族特征的模型.
- 评估模型性能和公平性指标,包括过量采样技术对培训数据的影响.
主要成果:
- 生存模型对非西班牙裔黑人患者产生了不同的影响,即使没有种族作为预测因素.
- 包括种族/种族作为预测因素扩大了现有的数据差异.
- 排除种族/种族改善了生存和手术推模型的公平性指标,而不会降低性能.
- 过量采样减少了差异性影响,但降低了整体模型的准确性.
结论:
- 不同的NSCLC是复杂的;即使考虑到年龄和阶段,非西班牙裔黑人患者也不太可能被推进行手术.
- 机器学习模型可以放大基于人口的癌症数据中存在的种族/种族差异.
- 排除种族/种族作为一个特征减少了模型偏差,但并没有消除差异性的影响.
- 开发公平的分析策略对于提高ML在分析癌症数据和促进健康公平方面的实用性至关重要.
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