[在接受非心脏手术的老年患者中建立和验证术后肺部并发症的预测模型]

L B Ma1, C S Zhang1, X J Ma1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.

Zhonghua yi xue za zhi
|November 5, 2024
PubMed

目的:开发并验证一种针对接受非心脏手术的老年患者术后肺部并发症(PPCs)的预测模型。方法:这项回顾性研究纳入了2009年1月至2018年12月期间在中国人民解放军总医院第一医学中心接受非心脏手术的51,354名65岁以上老年患者。患者被随机分为建模组[n=41 084;男性 21 550 人,女性 19 534 人;年龄:70(67,74)岁] 和一个内部验证组[n=10 270;男性 5 458 人,女性 4 812 人;年龄:70(67,74)岁],男女比例为 4∶1。此外,回顾性纳入了 2014 年 11 月至 2022 年 5 月期间在中国河南省级人民医院接受非心脏手术的 14 378 例患者 [男性 7 893 人,女性 6 845 人;年龄:70(67,75)岁] 作为外部验证组。采用多变量逻辑回归分析识别与术后肺部并发症(PPCs)相关的因素,并基于这些因素构建列线图预测模型,进行内部和外部验证。通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线、校准曲线和决策曲线评估该模型的性能及临床适用性。结果:在51 354名接受非心脏手术全身麻醉的老年患者中,术后肺部并发症(PPCs)的发生率为17.5%(9 008/51 354)。多变量逻辑回归分析显示,麻醉持续时间为130至<183分钟时(或=1.858,95%CI:1.529-2.266),麻醉持续时间 183-<250 分钟(或者=2.537, 95%CI:2.079-3.108),麻醉时间≥250 分钟(或者=3.533, 95%CI:2.868-4.368),晶体液输注量 1 400-<2 000 ml(或=1.481,95%CI:1.204-1.829),晶体液输注量 2 000-<9 000 ml(或=1.776,95%CI:1.426-2.220),上腹部手术(或=1.658,95%CI:1.498-1.835),恶性肿瘤(或=1.796,95%CI:1.606-2.012),芬太尼剂量 0.40-<0.55 mg(或=1.404, 95%CI:1.203-1.640),芬太尼剂量≥0.55 mg(或=1.601,95%CI:1.386-1.854),预防性使用抗生素(或=7.897,95%CI:5.124-12.983),年龄(或=1.039,95%CI:1.030-1.049),吸烟(或=1.124,95%CI:1.014-1.246),术前胸部X光异常(或=2.139, 95%CI:1.820-2.509)和术中低血压(或=3.184, 95%CI:2.120-4.795)是发生围手术期肺部并发症(PPCs)的危险因素,而择期手术(或=0.301,95%CI:0.220-0.417)是保护性因素。整合这些因素的列线图模型曲线下面积(AUC)为0.757(95%CI:0.748-0.766,P=0.309) 在建模组中,0.779(95%CI:0.760-0.796,P=0.171) 在内部验证组中,以及 0.778(95%CI:0.763-0.792,P<0.001)在外部验证组中。校准曲线和决策曲线显示该模型具有良好的一致性和临床应用价值。结论:基于麻醉持续时间、晶体液输注量、上腹部手术、恶性肿瘤、芬太尼剂量、抗生素的预防性使用、年龄、吸烟、术前胸部X光异常、术中低血压及择期手术的列线图模型,在评估老年患者接受非心脏手术后发生肺部并发症(PPCs)的风险方面具有较强的预测价值和临床应用价值。

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