对于精神病患者来说,生物医学道德增强
1Department of Ethics Education, College of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Bioethics
|November 5, 2024
概括
对于精神病患者来说,生物医学道德增强 (BME) 在伦理上是复杂的. 强制性BME在很大程度上是不可接受的,但违法者自愿的BME在特定条件下可能在伦理上是可以接受的,特别是在知情同意方面.
科学领域:
- 神经伦理学是一种神经伦理学.
- 伦理哲学 道德哲学
- 法医心理学 法医心理学
背景情况:
- 精神病症在生物医学干预中对伦理考虑提出了独特的挑战.
- 生物医学道德增强 (BME) 旨在提高道德能力,这引发了对其适用于具有特定心理特征的个体的疑问.
- 现有的道德框架很难解决在人群中提高道德特征的细微差别,这些人群的同情心和冲动控制能力受损.
研究的目的:
- 从道德上评估生物医学道德增强 (BME) 对精神病患者的允许性.
- 在非犯罪和犯罪人口中分析强制与自愿的BME方法.
- 建立条件,在这些条件下,心理犯罪者的自愿BME可能在道德上是合理的.
主要方法:
- 伦理分析了三个不同的场景:非刑事精神病患者的强制性BME,犯罪者的强制性BME和犯罪者的自愿BME.
- 检查与精神病相关的规范性影响.
- 批评弱势群体的自愿同意,特别是被监禁的个人.
主要成果:
- 对非犯罪精神病患者的强制性BME在伦理上是有问题的,因为隐私,成本和耻辱.
- 对精神病犯的强制性BME违反了身体和精神完整的基本权利.
- 如果提供足够的信息和适当的激励措施 (例如,假释审查),确保知情同意,违法者自愿的BME可以在道德上被允许.
结论:
- 对精神病患者的强制生物医学道德增强通常在道德上是不可接受的.
- 对于精神病犯而言,自愿的BME在严格的条件下,在保护同意的情况下,在道德上是可以辩护的.
- 本研究通过定义在特定的临床和法律背景下自愿道德增强的伦理应用标准,推进了关于BME的讨论.
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