饮食蛋白质对成人的认知表现和脑血管功能的影响:随机对照试验的系统审查
Micah S Adams1, Ronald P Mensink1, Peter J Joris1
1Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Nutrition research reviews
|November 5, 2024
概括
饮食中摄入的蛋白质,特别是来自坚果的蛋白质,可以增强认知功能,如记忆力和精神运动速度. 需要进一步的研究来确认不同类型的蛋白质对大脑健康和预防认知衰退的益处.
科学领域:
- 神经科学与营养学
- 认知健康研究 认知健康研究
背景情况:
- 认知衰退的发病率不断上升,需要探索预防策略.
- 观察性研究表明,饮食蛋白质对认知有好处,但随机对照试验 (RCT) 的证据是不一致的.
- 需要对对饮食蛋白质对认知表现和脑血流 (CBF) 的长期影响进行系统审查.
研究的目的:
- 使用RCT数据系统地审查饮食蛋白质 (量和类型) 对认知表现的长期影响.
- 为了检查饮食蛋白质对大脑血流 (CBF) 的影响,作为大脑血管功能的标志物.
- 确定对特定人群和认知领域的潜在好处.
主要方法:
- 系统搜索识别了4747项研究.
- 包括从RCT中报告认知表现 (n=23) 和CBF (n=3) 的23篇论文.
- 认知领域的分析:精神运动速度,注意力,执行功能,记忆和全球认知.
主要成果:
- 在九项研究中,有三项研究显示,蛋白质干预改善了心理运动速度.
- 在六项有益记忆观察 (工作记忆,声明记忆,视觉空间记忆) 中,有五项涉及到坚果干预.
- 对全球认知的有限研究表明,对亚急性中风或痴呆症患者有好处.
- 区域CBF的改善与大多数认知结果有关.
结论:
- 饮食中摄入的蛋白质,特别是来自坚果的蛋白质,显示出改善特定认知功能的潜力.
- 某些人群可能更受益于增加蛋白质摄入量,以促进认知健康.
- 进一步的研究对于研究不同蛋白质类型的比较效应及其在预防认知衰退中的作用至关重要.
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