在体力苛刻的职业中使用个人冷却服装进行热应激管理的实用考虑:使用现实主义评估进行系统审查和元分析
Emily J Tetzlaff1, Leonidas G Ioannou2, Fergus K O'Connor1,3
1Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
American journal of industrial medicine
|November 5, 2024
概括
个人冷却服装 (PCG) 有助于管理工作场所的热量暴露. 导电和混合PCG为在炎热条件下执行艰苦任务的工人提供了最重要的生理益处.
科学领域:
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 环境生理学环境生理学
- 热舒适度 热舒适度 热舒适度
背景情况:
- 全球气温的上升需要采取策略,以减轻工作场所的热量暴露.
- 个人冷却服装 (PCG) 是一种新兴的解决方案,用于在职业环境中管理热应激.
- 本综述评估了PCG对工作人员在炎热环境中的生理和感知影响.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和评估个人冷却服装 (PCG) 的有效性.
- 评估PCG对在炎热条件下执行中度至重度任务的工人的生理和感知影响.
- 确定哪些类型的PCG提供最大的温度调节效益.
主要方法:
- 在多个数据库 (MEDLINE,Embase,CINAHL,Scopus,Global Health,Business Source Complete) 中进行了全面的文献搜索.
- 使用现实的评估框架进行了元分析,以综合发现.
- 包括的研究涉及标准服装的工人在炎热的环境中执行中等到高强度的任务.
主要成果:
- 分析了33项与764名参与者 (98%男性) 的研究,主要是在实验室环境中进行的.
- 热的环境条件平均为35.9°C,51.4%的RH和31.2°C WBGT.
- 与蒸发或辐射方法相比,导电 (n=39) 和混合 (n=20) PCG 证明了核心体温和心率的最显著降低.
结论:
- 个人冷却服装 (PCG) 通常为工作人员在炎热的环境中提供积极的影响.
- 导电和混合PCG提供了最一致的温度调节效益.
- 诸如湿球球温度 (WBGT),服装绝缘和磨损时间等因素影响PCG的有效性.
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