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奖励自我偏见导致我们自己比别人更优的食

Luis Sebastian Contreras-Huerta^1,2,3,4,5,6, M Andrea Pisauro^7,8,9, Svenja Küchenhoff¹⁰

¹Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK. sebastian.contreras@uai.cl.

Scientific reports

|November 5, 2024

概括

与其他人相比,当人类为自己寻找食物时,他们更有效地最大限度地获得奖励. 这种自我偏见似乎是自适应性的,通过减少对当代奖励的敏感性来提高奖励摄入量.

科学领域:

行为生态学行为生态学
认知心理学认知心理学
神经科学是一个神经科学.

背景情况:

人类表现出自我偏见,更重视个人获得奖励而不是他人获得奖励.
之前的研究忽视了边际价值定理 (MVT),这是行为生态学中的一个关键概念,用于获取资源.
MVT描述了最大限度地提高资源摄入率的最佳策略,在耗尽的环境中.

研究的目的:

调查人类的自我偏见是否有助于最大限度地获得奖励,而不是为他人寻找食物.
测试边际价值定理 (MVT) 对人类在寻找食物任务中寻求奖励行为的适用性.
探索自闭症特征和自我与其他专注于寻找食物的奖励寻求策略之间的关系.

主要方法:

参与者从事食任务,决定何时离开资源补丁与耗尽奖励.
这项任务是在两个条件下完成的:为自己寻找食物和为一个匿名陌生人寻找食物.
环境平均奖励率被操纵,并将决策与MVP的最佳解决方案进行了比较.

主要成果:

参与者在为自己寻找食物时表现出更优的食行为,而不是为他人寻找食物.
当参与者为他人食时,观察到对即时奖励率的敏感性降低.
较高的自闭症特征与自我食期间对奖励率的敏感性降低相关,但不是其他食期间.

结论:

人类的自我偏见似乎是一种适应机制,增强了个人奖励最大化.
这种自我偏见通过调节灵敏度以奖励可用性来促进资源获取的最佳决策.
研究结果表明,在自我与他人之间有着不同的神经或认知机制,这些机制是自我与他人之间的奖励处理的基础,这对理解自闭症等疾病有意义.

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