适应个体差异:在异质人群中对语言演变的实验研究
Mathilde Josserand1,2, François Pellegrino1, Oxana Grosseck3,4
1Laboratoire Dynamique du Langage, Université Lyon 2/CNRS UMR 5596.
Cognitive science
|November 6, 2024
概括
语言能力的个体差异显著改变了语言的演变. 具有独特语言使用者的群体通过创新来适应,尽管整体沟通成功较低.
科学领域:
- 语言学的语言学.
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 语言能力的个体差异很常见,但在语言进化研究中经常被忽视.
- 这些变异可以显著影响语言变化和发展的轨迹.
- 以前的研究还没有完全探索异质语言群体是如何演变的.
研究的目的:
- 研究人工语言如何在具有不同语言能力的小组中演变.
- 确定语言是否适应以适应具有独特沟通方式或障碍的个体.
- 了解个人差异对语言创新和融合的影响.
主要方法:
- 使用人工语言进行基于实验室的小组沟通游戏.
- 通过向一名参与者分配有限的字母库存来引入异质性,模拟语音障碍.
- 分析了这些微型社会中的语言演变动态.
主要成果:
- 在异质群体中,语言的演变不同,显示出创新增加,但沟通成功和融合减少.
- 观察到对具有不同语言能力的个体有显著的合作伙伴特定的适应,这影响了群体.
- 根据参与者对已确定的语言规范的坚持,整个组的适应程度各不相同.
结论:
- 个人差异是语言演变的关键驱动因素,在语言社区中透和积累.
- 在异质群体中的语言适应优先考虑适应独特的特征,可能以牺牲效率为代价.
- 未来关于语言演变的研究必须整合个体变化的作用.
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