掩饰影响:在迷幻研究中对安慰剂控制和掩饰的系统审查
Aleksandra Barstowe1, Petri J Kajonius1
1Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Journal of psychoactive drugs
|November 6, 2024
概括
在迷幻药辅助治疗试验中,掩盖成功往往很差,可能会影响结果. 研究人员建议改进遮方法,以确保准确测量治疗疗效.
科学领域:
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 临床心理学 临床心理学
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
背景情况:
- 迷幻药辅助疗法在治疗精神疾病方面表现有前途.
- 有效的失明对于安慰剂对照试验至关重要,但往往没有得到评估.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查安慰剂对照和掩盖心理灵感辅助疗法研究中的成功.
- 评估掩盖对试验结果的影响.
主要方法:
- 来自6个数据库的9项研究 (2010年1月至2023年3月) 的系统审查.
- 适用于选择相关试验的包含/排除标准.
- 对报道的掩盖成功和安慰剂效应大小的分析.
主要成果:
- 几乎78%的研究表现出不良的掩盖成功.
- 在活跃安慰剂组的60%和非活跃安慰剂组的75%观察到很大的效果大小.
- 不能排除潜在的揭眼效应.
结论:
- 观察到的治疗效果可能会受到不充分的掩盖的影响,而不仅仅是迷幻效果.
- 由于掩盖问题,Psilocybin,Ayahuasca和LSD的疗效需要仔细解释.
- 未来的试验需要增强的遮程序和替代设计来控制掩盖影响.
相关概念视频
02:07Blind Procedures
10.6K
Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...
10.6K
01:11Blinding
2.4K
Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
2.4K
01:54The Placebo Effect
6.1K
The placebo effect occurs when people's expectations or beliefs influence or determine their experience in a given situation. In other words, simply expecting something to happen can actually make it happen.
6.1K
01:27Hallucinogens and Psychedelics
157
Hallucinogens are psychoactive substances that profoundly alter perceptual experiences, generating unreal visual and sensory images. Often referred to as psychedelic drugs — a term derived from the Greek words "psyche" (mind) and "delos" (revealing) — these substances include marijuana and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), among others. These drugs vary in intensity and effects.
Marijuana, derived from the dried leaves and flowers of the hemp plant, contains...
Marijuana, derived from the dried leaves and flowers of the hemp plant, contains...
157
01:22CNS Stimulants: Psychedelic Agents
127
Hallucinogens, also known as psychedelic drugs, are a class of substances known for their ability to alter perception, cognition, and emotions. Despite their profound effects on the mind, these drugs are non-addictive, setting them apart from many other abused substances. The mechanism of action of these drugs lies in their impact on the 5-HT2A receptor in the brain. Upon activation, this receptor couples to Gq-type G proteins, triggering a cascade that releases intracellular calcium. This...
127
01:23Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
121
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
121