减少家庭流感传播的非药物干预措施:系统性审查和元分析
Jessica Y Wong1, Wey Wen Lim1, Justin K Cheung1
1World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
非药物干预措施 (NPI),如手部卫生和面罩,对防止流感在家庭中传播的证据有限. 在症状出现前或出现症状后的早期实施可能会在延迟病毒引入方面带来一些好处.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染病流行病学 传染病流行病学
- 干预科学 干预科学
背景情况:
- 国家流感大流行计划经常建议在家庭环境中进行非药物干预 (NPI).
- 关键的NPI包括手部卫生和面罩的使用,以制流感的传播.
- 本审查审查了支持这些家庭级NPI建议的证据基础.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查支持NPI在预防流感在家庭中传播的有效性的证据.
- 根据现有研究,评估诸如手部卫生和口罩等措施的影响.
主要方法:
- 进行了Medline,PubMed,EMBASE和CENTRAL数据库的系统审查 (2022年5月至8月).
- 从流感大流行和流行病中优先进行随机对照试验 (RCT).
- 使用固定效应模型进行效应估计,并在OSF注册册表上注册审查.
主要成果:
- 审查了9个选定的NPI,重点关注家庭中的手部卫生和面膜.
- 确定了9个RCT,2个建议的NPI可能会延迟流感病毒进入家庭.
- 没有发现实质性的RCT证据表明,手部卫生和面罩可以防止流感在家庭中传播.
结论:
- 有限的证据表明,如果在早期实施 (在症状出现之前或出现后),家庭内NPIs可能是有效的.
- 在家庭环境中NPI有效性的证据基础中存在重大差距.
- 进一步的研究至关重要,以加强各种环境中NPI的证据.
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