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老龄化顺利吗? 基于重复的横截面数据,探索奥地利老年人群自我报告的生活质量
Richard Felsinger1, Susanne Mayer2, Gerald Haidinger1
1Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Journal of aging & social policy
|November 6, 2024
概括
老年奥地利人的生活质量 (QoL) 随着时间的推移而改善,但随着年龄的增长而下降. 更高的社会经济地位和没有慢性疾病与更好的生活质量有关,在调整后性别差异减少.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
背景情况:
- 全球预期寿命的增加增加了老龄化社会面临的现有挑战.
- 奥地利面临着预期寿命和健康预期寿命之间的差距,低于欧洲平均水平.
- 了解老年人的生活质量 (QoL) 因素对于公共卫生倡议至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 从2006年到2019年,检查奥地利老年人自我报告的生活质量 (QoL) 的变化.
- 在这个人口群体中识别与 QoL 相关的因素.
- 探索社会经济地位和性别对QOL的影响.
主要方法:
- 利用来自奥地利健康访谈调查 (2006年,2014年,2019年) 的重复横截面数据.
- 包括10,056名65岁及以上的参与者.
- 使用WHOQOL-BREF问卷中的域得分来评估QOL,并使用多变量回归分析.
主要成果:
- 随着时间的推移,QoL得分通常会增加,但在所有调查波中,随着年龄的增长而下降.
- 最初在男性中观察到高于女性的QOL,这些性别差异在多变量分析中基本上消失了.
- 年龄较小,社会经济地位较高,居住在西奥地利,缺乏慢性疾病与明显更高的QOL有关.
结论:
- 社会经济因素,特别是收入和教育,显著影响老年奥地利人的生活质量,解释了最初基于性别的差异.
- 旨在提高财务能力的干预措施可以提高老龄化人口的质量生活和福祉.
- 解决社会经济决定因素是改善奥地利健康衰老的关键.
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