灰狼和波斯在伊朗的牲畜掠食模式
Jamshid Parchizadeh1, Mariano G Arias2, Jerrold L Belant3
1Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA. Jamshid.Parchizadeh@gmail.com.
Scientific reports
|November 6, 2024
概括
像狼和这样的大型食肉动物表现出与食物相关的和过剩的牲畜掠食. 狼从事更多的过剩掠食,而这两种物种经常在不安全的护林中捕食,需要改进牲畜保护策略.
科学领域:
- 野生动物生态学野生动物生态学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
- 人类与野生动物之间的冲突
背景情况:
- 大型食肉动物 (如灰狼,波斯) 通过掠食对牲畜产生影响.
- 了解掠食类型 (与食物相关的与剩余的) 对于保护和冲突缓解至关重要.
- 肉食动物掠食牲畜往往导致报复性杀戮,威胁到脆弱的物种.
研究的目的:
- 调查和区分与粮食相关的和剩余牲畜掠夺的灰狼和波斯在伊朗.
- 分析掠食事件的季节性模式和特征.
- 为减少人野生动物冲突和牲畜损失提供基于证据的建议.
主要方法:
- 分析了173个 (2009-2019) 归因于灰狼 (Canis lupus) 和波斯 (Panthera pardus tulliana) 的牲畜掠食记录.
- 捕食事件的分类为与食物相关的 (消耗的猎物) 和剩余的 (未消耗的猎物) 事件.
- 在物种之间比较掠食频率,季节性发生和位置 (珊瑚与牧场).
主要成果:
- 与所有季节的食物相关掠食相比,灰狼的过剩掠食发生率更高.
- 波斯在一年中表现出与食物相关的和剩余掠食的频率相似.
- 两种物种的过剩掠食在建筑不良的牧场中比在开放的牧场中更为常见.
- 狼每次过剩的掠食事件杀死更多的牲畜,而不是子.
结论:
- 在伊朗,狼群和群之间,牲畜掠食模式不同,剩余的掠食是个重大问题,特别是在狼群中.
- 伊朗村庄的护林安全不充分,促进了经常的食肉动物掠食.
- 实施增强的圈子安全,雇佣看守狗,夜间警卫,以及像火灾这样的威手段,可以减少牲畜损失和食肉动物的报复性杀戮.
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