细胞的ATP需求产生了代谢上不同的线粒体子群
Keun Woo Ryu1, Tak Shun Fung1, Daphne C Baker1
1Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
Nature
|November 7, 2024
概括
线粒体可以动态分离代谢途径. 增加的氧化酸化 (OXPHOS) 阻断了氨酸合成酶,影响了细胞生长和生物能量.
科学领域:
- 细胞生物学
- 生物化学
- 线粒体生物学
背景情况:
- 线粒体对于细胞生长至关重要,通过氧化酸化 (OXPHOS) 和通过还原合成产生ATP.
- 与OXPHOS不同的是,氨酸和氨酸的合成依赖于线粒体内的还原途径.
- 这些相互竞争的代谢途径在线粒体内的空间组织仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 研究 mitochondria 如何管理竞争中的 OXPHOS 和还原合成途径.
- 阐明线粒体动态在代谢途径分离中的作用.
主要方法:
- 在不同的OXPHOS需求下研究了pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS) 的局部化.
- 利用了线粒体融合 (线粒体) 和裂变 (动胺类蛋白-1) 的遗传和药理学破坏.
- 评估了对线粒体结构的影响,包括晶状体和ATP合成酶分布,以及代谢输出.
主要成果:
- 增加OXPHOS需求导致线粒体缺少晶状体和ATP合成酶的P5CS封存.
- 这种分离是由P5CS线索的形成和线粒体融合/裂变动力学驱动的.
- 破坏线粒体动力学会损害P5CS分离,导致OXPHOS或proline合成受损.
结论:
- 线粒体分裂和融合对于分离氧化和还原生物合成途径至关重要.
- 这种动态的空间组织使细胞能够根据营养的可用性和需求平衡能量生产和前体合成.
- 线粒体动力学在细胞适应代谢压力方面发挥着关键作用.
相关概念视频
Mitochondria
11.2K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
11.2K
Mitochondrial Membranes
9.0K
A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
9.0K
Animal Mitochondrial Genetics
7.5K
Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
7.5K
Peroxisomes and Mitochondria
86.6K
Peroxisomes and mitochondria are two important oxygen-utilizing organelles in eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria carry out cellular respiration—the process that converts energy from food into ATP. Peroxisomes carry out a variety of functions, primarily breaking down different substances, such as fatty acids.
The peroxisome is a single membrane-bound cellular organelle that can perform several different functions, including lipid metabolism and chemical detoxification. The enzymes within...
The peroxisome is a single membrane-bound cellular organelle that can perform several different functions, including lipid metabolism and chemical detoxification. The enzymes within...
86.6K
Cellular Respiration
1
Cellular respiration is a crucial metabolic process through which cells obtain energy from organic substances, mainly glucose, to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This process includes the oxidation of substrates and the transfer of electrons to a separate electron acceptor, facilitating ATP synthesis through a sequence of biochemical reactions.Glycolysis: The Initial StepGlycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration, occurring in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic...
1
The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane
3.3K
The inner mitochondrial membrane is the primary site of ATP synthesis. The inner membrane domain that forms a smooth layer adjacent to the outer membrane is called the inner boundary membrane. This domain contains membrane transporters that drive metabolites in and out of the mitochondria. In contrast, the inner membrane network that invaginates into the matrix space is called the cristae membrane. This domain accounts for principle mitochondrial function as it accommodates the protein...
3.3K


