在城市和农业环境中使用的预出现除草剂:消散和生态影响
Aney Parven1,2, Islam Md Meftaul1,2, Kadiyala Venkateswarlu3
1Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
Environmental geochemistry and health
|November 7, 2024
概括
这项研究评估了出现前的除草剂,发现它们的土壤消散因土壤特性而异. 虽然潜在的地下水污染对人类造成的直接风险最小,但需要谨慎应用,以保护生态系统和食品安全.
科学领域:
- 环境化学环境化学
- 土壤科学 土壤科学
- 生态毒理学 生态毒理学
背景情况:
- 除草剂对于除草控制至关重要,但对城市和农业土壤的非目标效应提出了担忧.
- 预先出现的除草剂,如二甲胺-P,甲和硫被广泛使用,需要对它们的环境命运和影响进行评估.
研究的目的:
- 评估常用的预先出现的除草剂对环境的危害.
- 调查土壤特性与除草剂消散率之间的关系.
- 评估这些除草剂对土壤脱酶活性的影响以及对地下水和人类健康的潜在风险.
主要方法:
- 对除草剂消散速率常数 (k) 和半衰期 (DT50) 与土壤特性 (TOC,泥,粘土,pH,沙子,氧化物) 相关的分析.
- 测量土壤脱酶活性 (DHA),以评估除草剂对微生物功能的影响.
- 计算地下水无处不在得分 (GUS) 和漏能力指数 (LIX) 以预测漏潜力.
- 人类非癌症风险评估使用危险系数 (HQ) 和危险指数 (HI).
主要成果:
- 除草剂消散 (k) 与TOC,泥,粘土,pH和氧化物正相关,而半衰期 (DT50) 显示了负相关性. 沙子含量具有相反的效果.
- 土壤脱酶活性 (DHA) 受到除草剂的影响很小,有机物质较高的土壤显示DHA的增加.
- 地下水无处不在评分 (GUS) 和浸出性指数 (LIX) 表明了地下水污染的可能性.
- 人类非癌症风险评估 (HQ和HI < 1) 建议在50%的初始除草剂度下风险最小.
结论:
- 土壤的特性显著影响了前出现除草剂的消散和持久性.
- 虽然直接对人类健康的风险似乎很低,但潜在的地下水污染需要谨慎管理.
- 监管机构和利益相关者应该考虑这些发现,以安全地使用除草剂来保护环境和人类健康.
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