单词学习任务作为一个窗口进入预设的触发问题
Nadine Bade1, Philippe Schlenker2, Emmanuel Chemla3
1Linguistics Department, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, Potsdam, 14476 Germany.
概括
母语使用者自然会将新词的含义分为预设和断言部分. 这表明一种内置的语言机制来理解暗示的含义,独立于上下文或类似的单词.
科学领域:
- 心理语言学 心理语言学
- 语义学 是一个语义学.
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 了解人类如何处理新的词语含义对于心理语言学至关重要.
- 词汇获取包括将新信息与现有语言知识相结合.
- 预设在单词含义获取中的作用尚未完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 调查母语使用者是否将新词的含义分解为前提和断言的组成部分.
- 探索词汇学习中预设触发的潜在机制.
- 为未来关于词汇语义和概念偏差的研究提供一个方法框架.
主要方法:
- 一个新的单词学习范式的设计是为了引起自发的含义分解.
- 参与者接触到新的单词及其含义.
- 分析了行为反应,以推断意义组件的划分.
主要成果:
- 母语使用者自发地将新词的复杂含义分为前提和断言组成部分.
- 预设的触发似乎是一个固有的生产过程.
- 有证据表明,这个过程不仅仅依赖于替代的词汇项目或上下文突出.
结论:
- 这些发现支持存在一种生产性,先天的算法,用于在语言学习中触发假设.
- 这挑战了那些仅依赖于词汇替代品或前提的上下文线索的理论.
- 拟议的方法提供了一个有价值的工具,用于研究语言的词汇属性和认知偏差的相互作用.
更多相关视频
06:48Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
Published on: June 25, 2019
9.1K
05:38Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology
Published on: June 29, 2021
2.3K
相关概念视频
Language Development
318
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
318
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language
744
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
744
Interference and Decay
110
Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
110
Purposive Learning
99
E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
99
Language and Cognition
325
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
325
Implicit Memories
100
Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
One key aspect of implicit...
100
