基础解码技能不足限制了低收入和中等收入国家学生的全球识字目标
Michael Crawford1, Neha Raheel1, Maria Korochkina2
1Global Education Practice, World Bank, Washington DC, USA.
Nature human behaviour
|November 8, 2024
概括
在低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs) 中,大多数小学学生都在基础阅读技能方面扎. 专注于解码和系统的语音教学对于改善这些地区的初级阅读至关重要.
科学领域:
- 教育教育教育教育教育教育.
- 发展研究 发展研究 研究
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 小学教育对于儿童的发展至关重要,但低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs) 的许多学生在10岁时还没有达到基本的阅读能力.
- 尽管LMIC学校的入学人数增加,但仍存在严重的学习危机,特别是在基础识字技能方面.
研究的目的:
- 评估48个LMIC中超过50万名学生的阅读能力.
- 确定早期阅读能力的具体缺陷及其在前三年的学习过程中的进展.
- 在LMIC环境中为有效的识字指导提供政策和实践信息.
主要方法:
- 分析了来自48个低收入和中等收入国家的50多万名学生的阅读评估数据.
- 评估的重点是基本的阅读技能,包括字母声音识别和文字解码.
- 数据主要以每个国家的教学语言收集.
主要成果:
- 在LMIC中,学生在流利地解码印刷文字方面表现出明显的缺陷.
- 大多数初级学生无法掌握字母名称及其相应的声音.
- 绩效差距随着每年的教学扩大,表明阅读技能的累积赤字.
结论:
- 在LMICs中实现识字目标需要对早期读者解码技能的强烈强调.
- 有效的识字计划必须包含针对LMIC环境量身定制的系统语音教学.
- 开发和实施适当的评估对于监测和改进阅读结果至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:21Health Literacy
4.0K
Health literacy is an individual's or a community's capacity to comprehend, receive, read, and use relevant healthcare information and services. The World Health Organization (WHO, 2018) defines health literacy as the cognitive and social skills that determine the ability of individuals to gain access to, understand, and use information in ways that promote and maintain good health. As a result, the WHO helps individuals manage long-term health concerns, participate in preventative...
4.0K
01:25Learning Disabilities
84
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
84
01:27Language and Cognition
325
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
325
01:30Information Processing Approach
30
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
30
01:29Intellectual Disability
42
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
42
01:30Oppositional Defiant Disorder
23
A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Diagnostic Criteria and...
23