碳水化合物摄入量对足球运动员表现的不同参数的影响:系统审查
Marián Pueyo1, Iñaki Llodio1,2,3, Jesús Cámara1,2,3
1Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
Nutrients
|November 9, 2024
概括
碳水化合物 (CHO) 摄入量通过提高速度,冲刺能力和认知功能来显著提高足球表现. 女球员需要足够的CHO摄入量,因为类似的需求和更低的能量可用性,强调个性化的营养策略.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 营养科学 营养科学
背景情况:
- 足球表现受到包括营养在内的各种因素的影响.
- 碳水化合物 (CHO) 摄入量是运动员的关键营养策略.
- 了解CHO对足球表现的影响,包括基于性别的差异,至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查碳水化合物摄入对足球运动员身体和技术表现的影响.
- 分析CHO对葡萄糖和肌肉糖原等生理标记物的影响.
- 为了检查与足球中CHO摄入相关的认知功能,疲劳和胃肠道舒适度.
主要方法:
- 在主要的科学数据库 (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SportDiscus) 进行了全面的文献搜索.
- 61篇相关文章被选中用于系统审查.
- 该审查遵循了PRISMA和Cochrane手册的系统审查指南.
主要成果:
- 在比赛前和比赛期间摄入CHO可以提高速度,冲刺频率和认知功能.
- 它还减轻了拍摄精度和速度的下降,并增加了疲劳的时间.
- 没有一致的证据支持CHO改善传球,滴球,跳跃或敏捷性;葡萄糖水平在比赛中期下降而没有影响表现.
结论:
- 提供了特定的CHO摄入量建议:6-8g/kg/d比赛前,1-3g/kg 3-4小时前,以及在比赛期间的30-60g/h.
- 比赛后的糖原补充非常重要,建议在最初的4小时内补充1-1.5g/kg/h.
- 女球员面临着类似的需求,但往往能量的可用性很低,需要个性化和定期的CHO指南.
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