对阿尔茨海默病患者进行迷你精神状态检查表型化,使用结构化和叙述性的电子健康记录功能
Betina Idnay1, Gongbo Zhang1, Fangyi Chen1
1Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States.
Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA
|November 9, 2024
概括
这项研究自动化了阿尔茨海默病患者的认知评估,通过在电子健康记录上使用机器学习预测迷你精神状态检查 (MMSE) 评分. 开发的模型显示了临床决策的有希望的结果.
科学领域:
- 计算语言学计算语言学
- 医疗信息学医学信息学
- 机器学习 机器学习
背景情况:
- 阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 的诊断和监测依赖于诸如迷你精神状态检查 (MMSE) 等认知评估.
- 自动化MMSE得分预测可以提高临床实践中认知评估的效率和可访问性.
- 电子健康记录 (EHR) 包含丰富的非结构化数据,对开发预测模型有价值.
研究的目的:
- 开发和验证一种机器学习 (ML) 模型,用于在阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 患者中自动预测迷你精神状态检查 (MMSE) 评分.
- 利用自然语言处理 (NLP) 技术,从电子健康记录中的非结构化临床笔记中提取相关特征.
- 用结构化和非结构化EHR数据评估不同ML算法的性能,以预测MMSE得分.
主要方法:
- 从EHR中提取人口统计数据,诊断,药物和非结构化的临床访问笔记.
- 用于主题建模的隐性迪里克莱特分配 (LDA) 和n-grams的术语频率逆文档频率 (TF-IDF).
- 训练和评估的模型包括极端梯度提升 (XGBoost),静态梯度下降回归器 (SGDRegressor) 和多层感知器 (MLP).
主要成果:
- 分析了来自1000名AD患者的1654份临床笔记 (平均年龄为76.4岁,54.7%为女性,54.7%为白人).
- 多层感知器 (MLP) 模型在使用n-grams的验证集上实现了最小的根平均平方误差 (RMSE) 5.53 .
- 在试验组中,MLP模型表现出卓越的预测性能,试验组的RMSE为5.85.
结论:
- 开发了一种可行的ML方法,可以从非结构化的临床笔记中预测MMSE得分,支持认知评估.
- 这项研究表明NLP在提高阿尔茨海默病患者认知评估方面的潜力.
- 这种自动化方法可以帮助做出明智的临床决策,并促进患者队列的识别.
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