神经外科,可解释的人工智能和法律责任
Rita Matulionyte1, Eric Suero Molina2,3, Antonio Di Ieva2,4,5,6
1Macquarie Law School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia. rita.matulionyte@mq.edu.au.
Advances in experimental medicine and biology
|November 10, 2024
概括
在医疗保健,特别是神经外科手术中,可解释AI (XAI) 面临着挑战. 人工智能培训和验证的透明度比目前的XAI技术更为关键,以建立信任和改善临床决策.
科学领域:
- 人工智能在医学中的应用
- 神经外科应用程序 神经外科应用
- 医疗保健 技术 伦理 伦理
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 的"黑盒子"性质在医疗保健中构成了重大挑战,限制了可解释性和可解释性.
- 这一问题在神经外科等专业领域尤为关键,在这些领域,临床决策的风险很高.
研究的目的:
- 研究可解释AI (XAI) 系统在一般医疗保健和神经外科手术中的必要性和目的.
- 评估当前XAI方法在实现期望结果的有效性,如信任,患者自主性和改善临床决策.
- 评估XAI在确定人工智能驱动的医疗错误责任方面的作用.
主要方法:
- 在医学背景下探索AI可解释性的理论和实践意义.
- 对现有的XAI技术及其适用于医疗保健应用的分析.
- 基于当前XAI的局限性和替代透明度措施的好处的论证性审查.
主要成果:
- 目前的XAI技术不是建立对医疗保健中AI系统的信任的唯一或最佳方法.
- 在解决患者自主权,临床决策支持和法律责任等问题上,XAI的意义有限.
- 目前,XAI在实现关键目标方面的有效性不足.
结论:
- 关于人工智能系统培训和验证过程的透明度在培养信任和改善临床实践方面比XAI更有效.
- 建议更多地强调全面的数据和模型验证报告,而不是仅仅依赖XAI方法.
- 对透明度的替代方法对于在神经外科和更广泛的医疗保健中负责任地实施AI至关重要.
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