神经血管单元,神经炎症和神经退行症标记在脑部疾病中的标记
Duraisamy Kempuraj1, Kirk D Dourvetakis1, Jessica Cohen1
1Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, United States.
Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
|November 11, 2024
概括
神经炎症和神经元损伤是神经退行性疾病的关键. 脑液或血液中的生物标志物可以追踪疾病,帮助早期诊断和治疗阿尔茨海默症和帕金森症等疾病.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 生物标志物发现发现
- 神经炎症研究 神经炎症研究
背景情况:
- 神经血管单元 (NVU) 炎症和神经元损伤是神经退行性疾病的核心.
- 血脑屏障 (BBB) 的破坏,包括紧接口 (TJ),粘附接口 (AdJ) 和间隙接口 (GJ),加剧神经炎症.
- 慢性炎症在与年龄有关的神经退行性疾病 (如阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 和帕金森病 (PD)),以及神经创伤/创伤性脑损伤 (TBI) 中很普遍.
研究的目的:
- 审查急性和慢性脑疾病中神经炎症和神经退行的主要标志物,重点关注神经血管病理.
- 突出这些生物标志物的实用性,以评估疾病的发病,严重程度,进展和治疗疗效.
- 讨论新兴技术的潜力,如BBB-on-a-chip模型,以了解大脑疾病.
主要方法:
- 关于神经炎症和神经退行性标记物的现有文献的审查.
- 在各种脑部疾病中分析生物标志物的相关性,包括神经退行性疾病和TBI.
- 讨论大脑脊髓液 (CSF),血液和大脑组织中的生物标志物检测能力.
主要成果:
- 对于评估神经炎症至关重要的是特定的生物标志物,如神经纤维光 (NfL),无处不在的C终端酶-L1 (UCHL1),状纤维酸蛋白 (GFAP),电离结合适应分子1 (Iba-1),跨膜蛋白119 (TMEM119),水素,内甲蛋白-1和血小板衍生生长因子受体β (PDGFRβ).
- 这些标记可以表明各种脑细胞的病理生理状态和BBB完整性.
- 生物标志物变化可以在神经退行性疾病临床发病前几年发生.
结论:
- 神经炎症和神经退行性生物标志物对于了解疾病机制和进展至关重要.
- 评估CSF,血液或组织中的生物标志物可以帮助早期诊断,监测疾病严重程度,并评估治疗反应.
- 这些标记物和先进模型 (如BBB-on-a-chip) 的整合对改善大脑疾病的临床结果具有重大前景.
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