[在大流行之前和期间诊断胃肠炎的流行病学特征]
Claudia Marcela Martínez-Salinas1, Héctor Alejandro Vaquera-Alfaro2, Neri Alejandro Álvarez-Villalobos1
1Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 7, Departamento de Medicina Familiar. San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, México.
Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
|November 11, 2024
概括
在COVID-19大流行期间,由于加强了卫生措施,可能具有传染性起源的胃肠炎 (GPIO) 显著减少. 这项研究强调了公共卫生活动对减少传染病传播的影响.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 随着COVID-19大流行,人们开始广泛开展公共卫生活动,重点关注卫生和社会距离.
- 这些措施可能无意中减少了其他传染病的传播,包括疑似传染性胃肠炎 (GPIO).
研究的目的:
- 在COVID-19大流行之前和期间,量化GPIO在初级保健机构的流行率的变化.
主要方法:
- 一项回顾性,观察性,横截面研究分析了来自初级保健中心的患者数据.
- 对比了两个时期的数据:流行病前 (2018-2019) 和流行病 (2020-2021).
- 使用描述性统计和费舍尔精确测试来计算患病率.
主要成果:
- 总共有620,164次咨询发生在流行病前和497,750次在流行病期间.
- 总体的GIO患病率显著下降,从大流行前的1.32%降至大流行期间的0.42% (p < 0.001).
- 虽然大多数症状仍然相似,但注意到便一致性 (p = 0.001) 和吐 (p = 0.01) 的变化. 手部卫生教育从5.2%增加到19.2%.
结论:
- 该研究发现,在COVID-19大流行期间,GPIO患病率显著下降.
- 这种下降可能归因于广泛实施旨在制COVID-19传播的严格卫生措施.
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