通过高湿度挤出乳制品植物蛋白质混合物来结构乳类类似物
Hui Ru Tan1, Yao Xing Wong1, Cedric Wee Jian Sow1
1Food, Chemical and Biotechnology Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, 10 Dover Drive, Singapore, 138683, Singapore.
International journal of biological macromolecules
|November 11, 2024
概括
研究人员使用大豆蛋白分离物 (SPI),小麦质 (WG) 和乳清蛋白缩物 (WPC) 开发了基于植物的类. 最佳的SPI-WG比率创造了与胸相似的纹理,由蛋白质相互作用和特定的结构变化驱动.
科学领域:
- 食品科学与技术 食品科学与技术
- 蛋白质化学 蛋白质化学
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
背景情况:
- 开发具有可取质感的植物性肉类替代品是食品科学中的一个关键挑战.
- 了解挤出过程中的蛋白质相互作用对于创建类似肉类结构至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 使用高湿度挤出与二元和三元蛋白质混合物结构类型.
- 调查乳清蛋白缩物 (WPC) 和小麦质 (WG) 对基于大豆蛋白分离物 (SPI) 的肉类类似物的影响.
- 阐明纤维结构形成和蛋白质结构变化背后的机制.
主要方法:
- 大豆蛋白分离物 (SPI),小麦质 (WG) 和乳清蛋白缩物 (WPC) 混合物的高湿度挤出加工.
- 纹理形状分析 (TPA) 用于评估机械性能.
- 福里埃变换红外光谱 (FTIR) 用于分析蛋白质的二次结构 (β-sheet,α-helix,β-turns).
主要成果:
- 在类类似物中成功创建了无otropic 纤维结构 (无otropic 索引>1).
- 通过调整SPI:WG比率,SPI-WG-WPC的三元混合物可以获得与煮熟的胸相似的纹理特征.
- 蛋白质结构分析显示,键和疏水性相互作用驱动纤维形成,而二硫化键则起到较小的作用.
- 添加WPC增加了α-螺旋的含量,而添加WG增加了β转.
结论:
- SPI,WG和WPC的高湿度挤出为生产结构化类产品提供了一个可行的策略.
- 优化蛋白质比率,特别是SPI:WG,是实现所需的类似肉质纹理的关键.
- 了解蛋白质相互作用和结构变化为设计改进的植物性肉类替代品提供了洞察力.
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