有氧运动对超重和肥胖儿童执行功能的影响:系统性审查和元分析
Yi Wang1, Hao Wang2, Hongpeng Zhao1
1School of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China.
Frontiers in psychology
|November 12, 2024
概括
有氧运动显著增强执行功能 (EF) 和其组成部分,抑制控制和工作记忆,在超重和肥胖儿童. 然而,对认知灵活性和极度肥胖儿童的益处需要进一步研究.
科学领域:
- 儿科健康 儿科健康
- 运动科学 运动科学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 超重和肥胖是影响儿童执行功能 (EF) 的全球健康问题.
- 现有的研究缺乏关于有氧运动对改善该群体EF的疗效的共识.
- EF对于儿童的认知和行为调节至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统评估有氧运动干预措施对超重和肥胖儿童执行功能 (EF) 的影响.
- 分析对EF子组件的影响:抑制控制,工作记忆和认知灵活性.
- 确定调节运动干预效果的因素.
主要方法:
- 进行了随机对照试验 (RCT) 的系统审查和元分析.
- 搜索了六个主要的数据库,查找到2024年3月17日之前的相关研究.
- 包括18项涉及1260名参与者的研究;使用标准化平均差异 (SMD) 和95%置信区间 (CI) 分析数据.
主要成果:
- 有氧运动显著改善了整体EF (SMD = -0.50,p < 0.01),抑制控制 (SMD = -0.52,p < 0.01),以及工作记忆 (SMD = -0.63,p < 0.01).
- 没有观察到对认知灵活性有显著影响 (SMD = -0.32,p = 0.11).
- 亚组分析显示,运动类型 (球游戏),适度强度和会话持续时间 (25-40分钟) 正面调节了EF改善.
结论:
- 有氧运动为超重和肥胖儿童的执行功能提供了选择性的好处.
- 涉及球比赛,中等强度和特定会话持续时间的干预措施似乎最有效.
- 极度肥胖的儿童 (BMI>25 kg/m2) 没有显著的好处,表明需要量身定制的方法.
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