在精英运动员中比较一般人口和运动特异性饮食失调相关值:一项跨部门研究
Scott J Fatt1, Emma George2,3, Phillipa Hay2,4
1Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia. s.fatt@westernsydney.edu.au.
Sports medicine - open
|November 12, 2024
概括
饮食失调在精英运动员中非常普遍,由一般和运动特定压力驱动. 独特的运动员因素,如瘦身和运动身份的驱动力,对饮食失调的风险有很大贡献.
科学领域:
- 运动医学 运动医学
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 饮食障碍 饮食障碍 饮食障碍 饮食障碍
背景情况:
- 饮食失调在精英运动员中很常见,但风险因素可能与一般人群不同.
- 独特的体育特定因素可能会导致运动员的风险增加.
- 了解这些体育特异性的影响对于有针对性的干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查运动特异性因素是否解释了精英运动员饮食失调的额外变异.
- 识别与运动相关的独特压力和与饮食失调相关的心理过程.
- 为了区分运动员特定的风险因素与一般人群的风险因素.
主要方法:
- 对178名精英运动员 (72.4%为女性,平均年龄为23.9) 的横截面研究.
- 在线调查评估了饮食失调,对身体的不满,完美主义,一般和运动特定压力.
- 评估了一般的 (薄型理想) 和运动员特定的 (追求瘦身,运动身份) 心理过程.
主要成果:
- 78.2%的运动员报告至少有中度的饮食失调风险.
- 运动特异性压力解释了13.5%的饮食失调额外变异.
- 体育运动中的体重压力,瘦身的欲望和运动身份与饮食失调有着独特的关联,独立于一般因素.
结论:
- 精英运动员面临着双重压力 (基于外表和基于表现),导致饮食失调.
- 运动特定因素,包括体重压力和运动身份,是重要的预测因素.
- 对于运动员饮食障碍的干预措施必须考虑这些与运动有关的独特心理过程.
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