可共享的人工智能从电子健康记录中提取癌症结果,用于精确瘤学研究
Kenneth L Kehl1, Justin Jee2, Karl Pichotta2
1Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, USA. kenneth_kehl@dfci.harvard.edu.
Nature communications
|November 12, 2024
概括
这项研究证实,在患者数据上训练的AI模型是脆弱的. 一种新方法使用人工智能蒸来创建可共享的癌症结果预测模型,推进精确瘤学研究.
科学领域:
- 计算生物学是一种计算生物学.
- 医疗信息学医学信息学
- 在瘤学瘤学.
背景情况:
- 将分子数据与临床结果联系起来对于精确的癌症研究和识别生物标志物至关重要.
- 电子健康记录 (EHR) 包含有价值的癌症结果数据,但通常是非结构化的文本.
- 患者隐私问题限制了对敏感健康信息进行训练的AI模型的共享.
研究的目的:
- 为了应对分享受过保护健康信息培训的AI模型的挑战.
- 开发一种方法来创建保护隐私的可共享AI模型,用于癌症结局注释.
- 为了证实直接通过EHR训练的文本分类模型对会员推断攻击的脆弱性.
主要方法:
- 采用教师-学生知识蒸方法来转移学习.
- 在达纳-法伯癌症研究所 (DFCI) 的电子病历数据上训练有素的"教师"模型,以标记临床笔记.
- 使用在MIMIC-IV数据集上训练的"学生"模型来预测由教师模型生成的标签,使得纪念斯隆凯特林 (MSK) 的评估.
主要成果:
- 证实了受过保护健康信息培训的文本分类模型对会员推断攻击的脆弱性.
- 开发了"学生"模型,能够从成像报告和医疗瘤学家的笔记中准确预测癌症的结果.
- 学生模型在DFCI和MSK测试集的结果中表现出高的歧视性表现.
结论:
- 教师-学生蒸方法可以创建可共享的AI模型,用于从文本中注释临床结果.
- 利用公共数据集的私有标签,促进可发布的临床人工智能模型的开发.
- 这种方法可以通过更广泛地部署机器学习工具来加速精确瘤学研究.
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