在口腔中的病毒感染和抗病毒免疫力
Heather D Hickman1, Niki M Moutsopoulos2
1Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. hhickman@mail.nih.gov.
Nature reviews. Immunology
|November 12, 2024
概括
口腔粘膜是对抗病毒的关键屏障,但其抗病毒免疫力尚不清楚. 本综述探讨了口服抗病毒反应,常见的感染,以及未来研究的相关小鼠模型.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 口腔生物学 口腔生物学
背景情况:
- 口腔粘膜作为一个关键的障碍,防止不断暴露于病原体.
- 虽然已知有疹病毒和乳头瘤病毒,但像SARS-CoV-2和mopox这样的新兴病毒也表现出口腔表现.
- 口腔在病毒感染和传播中的作用需要更深入地了解其抗病毒免疫力.
研究的目的:
- 为提供口腔中抗病毒免疫反应的全面概述.
- 讨论流行病毒感染及其在口腔粘膜上的临床表现.
- 介绍目前用于研究口腔病毒感染的小鼠模型.
主要方法:
- 关于口服抗病毒免疫力的现有研究的文献综述.
- 对口腔粘膜内的病毒病原和免疫反应的分析.
- 关于影响口腔的既定和新兴病毒病原体的数据汇编.
- 在口腔病毒学研究中使用的动物模型的审查.
主要成果:
- 口腔粘膜采用多种机制,包括物理障碍,居住性免疫细胞和微生物群,以对抗病毒感染.
- 传统的口腔病毒和新出现的病原体都能在口腔中感染和复制.
- 口腔病毒感染可能导致显著的临床症状,并导致病原体的传播.
- 现有的小鼠模型为调查口腔病毒病原和免疫反应提供了有价值的工具.
结论:
- 了解口腔抗病毒免疫对于管理既定和新兴病毒性疾病至关重要.
- 口腔是病毒进入,复制和传播的重要地点.
- 需要使用适当模型进行进一步的研究,以阐明口腔抗病毒防御机制的复杂性.
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