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在自闭症成年人中调查视觉视角和信念推理:一项预先注册的在线研究
Rachel Lara Green1, Sarah Joanne Carrington1, Daniel Joel Shaw1
1School of Psychology, Aston University, UK.
Autism : the international journal of research and practice
|November 12, 2024
概括
与非自闭症成年人相比,自闭症成年人在信念推理和视角任务中显示出较少的错误和可比的速度. 这些发现挑战了基于缺陷的自闭症观点,表明可能使用不同的认知策略.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 社会认知是指社会认知.
背景情况:
- 自闭症患者经常报告终身困难与心态化,理解他人的心理状态的能力.
- 虽然自闭症儿童的思维理论缺陷已被记录在案,但成年人对信念推理和视角的认知概况仍然不太了解.
研究的目的:
- 调查自闭症和非自闭症成年人之间的信念推理和视觉视角的差异.
- 检查自闭症成年人在评估理解他人的信仰和视觉观点的任务中是否表现出明显的表现模式.
主要方法:
- 观察-相信任务在线对121名成年人进行了管理 (57名自闭症患者,64名非自闭症患者).
- 参与者还完成了雷文的渐进矩阵和自闭症谱系系数.
- 性能指标包括响应时间和错误率,特别是异心入侵.
主要成果:
- 非自闭症成年人对信念推理的反应比对视角进行试验的反应慢.
- 与对照人群相比,自闭症成年人对于任何任务的速度或准确性都没有显著差异.
- 自闭症成年人总体上犯错误较少,反应时间增加较快,角度差异较大.
结论:
- 研究结果不支持自闭症在社会认知方面的简单缺陷模型.
- 自闭症成年人可能会利用不同的认知策略,潜在地将信仰/观点判断与他们自己的经验更紧密地联系起来.
- 对自闭症中自我控制机制的进一步研究是有必要的.
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