在精神疾病中,整个感知处理的半球分歧
Emily M Adamic1,2, Adam R Teed1, Jason Avery3
1Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, United States.
eLife
|November 13, 2024
概括
研究发现,岛内皮质,特别是异粒状中岛,是整合注意力和身体信号的关键大脑区域. 这一区域在焦虑,抑郁和饮食障碍患者中显示出改变的活动和连接性.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 对身体状态的有意识感知涉及注意力和内在输入之间的相互作用.
- 在精神疾病中,异常的感知性症状很常见,但潜在的神经机制尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究上下注意力和自下而上的内脏处理之间的接口的神经基质.
- 检查焦虑,抑郁和/或饮食障碍 (ADE) 和健康比较 (HC) 个体之间的岛屿皮层活动和连接性的差异.
主要方法:
- 一项预先注册的功能神经成像研究涉及46名ADE和46名倾向匹配HC的个体.
- 使用了两个整感应任务:注意力任务 (将注意力转向心肺或视觉信号) 和扰动任务 (使用异二醇注入剂诱导内脏感觉).
- 分析了岛内皮层内的神经活动和功能连接.
主要成果:
- 在这两项任务中,神经激活趋于双边岛屿皮层,特别是颗粒和腹部异粒子子区域.
- 与HC相比,ADE组表现出不对称的岛内激活模式,左侧异粒体岛内有改变的重叠.
- 在身体不确定性期间,ADE组表现出减少的角质前胰岛激活.
- 在任务后,胰岛功能连接的变化与焦虑和抑郁症的严重程度相关.
结论:
- 异粒状中半岛作为一个关键的皮质接口,整合了注意力,预测和实时的身体输入.
- 这一区域被认为是精神疾病中潜在的"破坏地点",其特点是整体感受障碍.
- 这些发现突出了岛内皮层功能障碍在焦虑症,抑郁症和饮食障碍症状中的作用.
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