在巴西亚马逊地区不受控制的非法采矿和Garimpo
Luiz Cortinhas Ferreira Neto1,2, Cesar Guerreiro Diniz3,4,5, Raian Vargas Maretto6
1Solved - Solutions in Geoinformation, Belem, PA, Brazil. luiz.cortinhas@solved.eco.br.
Nature communications
|November 13, 2024
概括
巴西的加里姆波矿业已经升了1200%,显著扩展到亚马逊和土著土地 (ILs). 大多数garimpo网站都显示出非法行为,特别是在土著领土内.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 南美研究南美研究.
- 地质科学 地质科学
背景情况:
- 采矿对南美经济至关重要,工业采矿占主导地位.
- 加里姆波 (手工艺和小规模采矿) 活动大幅扩张.
- 巴西在1989-1997年和2019-2022年经历了Garimpo对工业采矿的统治时期.
研究的目的:
- 分析巴西加里姆波矿开采的扩张情况.
- 评估采矿活动的空间分布和法律地位,特别是在亚马逊和土著土地上.
- 突出对特定土著社区的影响.
主要方法:
- 遥感和空间分析,以量化矿区的时间 (1985-2022年).
- 地理空间数据分析以确定亚马逊和土著土地上的采矿活动的集中程度.
- 矿山开采地点的法律地位评估.
主要成果:
- 在1985年至2022年期间,加林波矿区的面积增加了约1200% (从218平方公里增加到2627平方公里).
- 在同一时期,工业采矿区的面积增加了五倍 (从约360平方公里增加到约1800平方公里).
- 超过91%的garimpo活动是在亚马逊,在土著土地上62%的地点是最近的 (≤5年).
- 至少77%的2022年开采地点显示出违法行为迹象.
- 卡亚波族,蒙杜鲁库族和亚诺玛米族的土著土地集中了90%以上的加里姆波活动在土著土地上.
结论:
- 加林波采矿,特别是非法采矿,对亚马逊和巴西土著土地构成重大威胁.
- 加里姆波在土著土地上的快速扩张和集中需要紧急关注和政策干预.
- 对土著社区的环境和社会影响需要进一步调查和缓解战略.
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