在Saccharomyces cerevisiae中,基因表达和适应性之间的可塑性和环境特异性关系
Mohammad A Siddiq1, Fabien Duveau2,3, Patricia J Wittkopp4,5
1Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Nature ecology & evolution
|November 13, 2024
概括
环境背景极大地影响基因表达和生物体的健康状况. 这项研究揭示了Saccharomyces cerevisiae中的突变如何表现出特定环境的基因型-表型-适应性联系,影响进化适应和表型可塑性.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
背景情况:
- 环境在塑造生物特征和它们的适应性价值方面发挥着双重作用.
- 了解跨不同环境的基因型-表型-适应性关系对于进化研究至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究基因表达,表型和健康之间的环境特定关系.
- 确定Saccharomyces cerevisiae中不同类型的促进子突变如何影响不同碳来源之间的这些关系.
主要方法:
- 产生了Saccharomyces cerevisiae的突变菌株,在TDH3基因中发生了促进子突变.
- 在四个不同的碳源环境中测量了TDH3基因表达水平和生物体生长 (健康状况).
- 分析了不同突变类型的基因型-表型-适应性关系 (TATA盒与转录因子结合位).
主要成果:
- 观察到TDH3表达和健康之间存在明显的,但依赖于环境的关系.
- 具有类似表达效果的突变在不同环境中显示出不同的健康结果,反之亦然.
- 由于有限的可塑性和环境特定的健身功能,TATA盒子突变表现出最具环境变化的健身效应.
结论:
- 环境特定的基因型-表型-适应性关系是表型可塑性演变的关键驱动因素.
- 不同的突变分子机制在动态环境中对调节序列进化有不平等的贡献.
- 塔塔盒子,尽管它的核心促进作用,可以是一个重要的来源环境变量健身效应.
相关概念视频
01:20Gene-Environment Interactions
253
Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
253
02:27Background and Environment Affect Phenotype
6.5K
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
6.5K
01:28Yeast Signaling
14.4K
Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
14.4K
01:29Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming
2.2K
Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
2.2K
02:32Position-effect Variegation
6.3K
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
6.3K
01:58Cell Specific Gene Expression
13.5K
Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
13.5K