消除麻疹的进展 - 全球,2000-2023年
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
|November 14, 2024
概括
麻疹疫苗接种避免了数百万人的死亡,但全球覆盖率停滞不前,导致病例和疫情增加了20%. 需要紧急努力,以两剂麻疹疫苗接种给所有儿童,以实现消除.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 免疫接种 免疫接种
背景情况:
- 麻疹是一种高度传染的病毒性疾病,需要高的人口免疫力来控制.
- 麻疹疫苗接种是预防严重并发症和死亡的关键公共卫生干预措施.
- 全球努力消除麻疹一直在进行,在避免死亡方面取得了重大进展.
研究的目的:
- 描述2000年至2023年全球消除麻疹的进展和挑战.
- 分析麻疹疫苗接种覆盖率和发病率的趋势.
- 确定阻碍麻疹消除的因素,并推策略.
主要方法:
- 对2000-2023年全球麻疹疫苗接种覆盖率数据 (MCV1) 的分析.
- 全球估计麻疹病例和死亡人数的审查.
- 疫情趋势和地理分布的评估.
- 检查不同社会经济和冲突环境中的疫苗接种率.
主要成果:
- 在2000年至2023年期间,估计有6030万例麻疹死亡被避免.
- 尽管有承诺,但没有任何世卫组织地区在2023年底之前实现了消除麻疹的目标.
- 在COVID-19大流行期间,全球MCV1覆盖率下降,并在2022-2023年停滞在83%
- 从2022年到2023年,全球麻疹病例增加了20%,更多的国家正在经历大规模爆发.
- 麻疹死亡人数在2023年下降了8%,但这受到了较低风险环境中的病例分布的影响.
- 疫苗接种率较低和发病率较高的情况在低收入和脆弱环境中持续存在,加剧了不平等现象.
结论:
- 停滞不前的麻疹疫苗覆盖率使数百万儿童变得脆弱,加剧了病例和疫情的增加.
- 消除麻疹的进展受到覆盖率差距的威胁,特别是在弱势群体中.
- 加强监测和有针对性的努力,以确保普及两剂麻疹疫苗接种,对于实现消除目标至关重要.
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