流感疫苗接种,家庭组成和流感发病率的种族差异:一种基于代理物的建模研究
Katherine V Williams1, Mary G Krauland1, Lee H Harrison1
1Katherine V. Williams and Richard K. Zimmerman are with the Department of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA. Mary G. Krauland and Mark S. Roberts are with the Department of Health Policy and Management and Public Health Dynamics Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh. Lee H. Harrison is with the Center for Genomic Epidemiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. John V. Williams is with the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.
即使在疫苗接种覆盖率均等的情况下,流感病例的种族差异仍然存在. 家庭的组成,特别是儿童的存在,显著影响所有种族的流感病例数量.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 计算机建模 计算建模
背景情况:
- 在种族群体之间存在流感疫苗接种差异.
- 了解这些差异对于公共卫生干预至关重要.
- 家庭的组成可能会影响疾病的传播.
研究的目的:
- 量化种族差异对流感疫苗接种覆盖率的影响.
- 评估家庭组成在流感病例中的作用.
- 探索在流感病例中种族差异的持续性.
主要方法:
- 使用了重建流行病学动态的框架 (FRED) 基于代理的模型.
- 模拟的症状性流感病例,比较种族特异性和平等疫苗接种覆盖率的情景.
- 美国人口普查数据包括年龄,种族,家庭结构和地理.
主要成果:
- 流感病例在儿童比例较高的人群中最高.
- 在两种疫苗接种方案下,黑人患流感病例高达30%.
- 与白人家庭有孩子相比,有孩子的黑人家庭的病例率更高.
结论:
- 即使疫苗接种覆盖率均等,流感病例的种族差异仍然存在.
- 人口中儿童的比例是流感病例负担的一个重要因素.
- 家庭组成的差异提供了对种族差异和潜在的疫苗接种策略的见解.
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