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相关概念视频

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination02:55

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Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:  
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The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
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The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects
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种族歧视和认知功能:一种工具变量分析.

Jourdyn A Lawrence1, Yu-Tien Hsu2, Hannah J Cory3

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Social science & medicine (1982)
|November 14, 2024
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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

种族歧视的经历与中年成年人的认知功能较差有关. 这项研究强调了社会种族主义如何在一生中导致认知能力下降.

关键词:
认知功能 认知功能颜色主义色彩主义工具变量分析工具变量分析种族歧视是种族歧视.种族不平等的种族不平等.

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科学领域:

  • 公共卫生 公共卫生
  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 社会学 社会学 社会学

背景情况:

  • 认知功能的种族不平等是一个持续的公共卫生问题.
  • 关于种族歧视对认知结果的影响的证据仍然是混合的.
  • 机构歧视可能会不成比例地影响认知健康.

研究的目的:

  • 检查制度环境中的种族歧视与认知功能之间的关联.
  • 加强对歧视对认知的影响的证据基础.
  • 为认知健康差异确定潜在的干预点.

主要方法:

  • 从年轻成年人冠状动脉风险发展 (CARDIA) 研究 (第8波和第9波) 的数据进行横截面分析.
  • 使用"歧视经验量表"进行自我报告的种族歧视.
  • 使用普通最小平方 (OLS) 和仪器变量 (IV) 分析,使用皮肤颜色作为仪器.

主要成果:

  • 增加种族歧视的经历与认知评估的表现较差有关.
  • 仪器变量分析显示,歧视和听觉语言学习之间存在显著的负相关性.
  • 结果表明,终身暴露于种族主义和认知功能之间存在潜在的联系.

结论:

  • 种族歧视,特别是在机构背景下,与认知功能下降有关.
  • 研究结果表明,在种族化社会中进行导航可能会在一生中导致认知不平等.
  • 这项研究强调了针对系统性种族主义的干预措施的必要性,以促进认知健康公平.